Ocean Warm Skin Signals Observed by Saildrone at High Latitudes

Jia, Chong; Minnett, Peter J.

doi:10.1029/2022gl102384

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…The more negative cool skins imply the generally stronger surface net heat loss from the thermal skin layer into the atmosphere. A physical skin effect scheme would be preferable instead of the −0.17 K correction for the retrieval algorithm, including the models of cool skin, but also the possible warm skin effect [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, the measurements collected during the periods when the Saildrone was near sea ice must be pinpointed using images captured by onboard cameras and excluded from subsequent analyses, since the small-scale temperature variations caused by the melting sea ice will not be appropriately sampled in the MODIS field of view. Furthermore, the tilt angles of the vehicle, resulting from both pitching and rolling, should be constrained to ±1.5 • and ±5 • , respectively, to prevent significant inaccuracies in SST skin [30,39].…”

Section: Quality Control and Collocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Accuracy of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Sea Surface Temperature at High Latitudes Using Saildrone Data

Jia,

Minnett,

Szczodrak

2024

Remote Sensing

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The infrared (IR) satellite remote sensing of sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) is challenging in the northern high-latitude region, especially in the Arctic because of its extreme environmental conditions, and thus the accuracy of SSTskin retrievals is questionable. Several Saildrone uncrewed surface vehicles were deployed at the Pacific side of the Arctic in 2019, and two of them, SD-1036 and SD-1037, were equipped with a pair of IR pyrometers on the deck, whose measurements have been shown to be useful in the derivation of SSTskin with sufficient accuracy for scientific applications, providing an opportunity to validate satellite SSTskin retrievals. This study aims to assess the accuracy of MODIS-retrieved SSTskin from both Aqua and Terra satellites by comparisons with collocated Saildrone-derived SSTskin data. The mean difference in SSTskin from the SD-1036 and SD-1037 measurements is ~0.4 K, largely resulting from differences in the atmospheric conditions experienced by the two Saildrones. The performance of MODIS on Aqua and Terra in retrieving SSTskin is comparable. Negative brightness temperature (BT) differences between 11 μm and 12 μm channels are identified as being physically based, but are removed from the analyses as they present anomalous conditions for which the atmospheric correction algorithm is not suited. Overall, the MODIS SSTskin retrievals show negative mean biases, −0.234 K for Aqua and −0.295 K for Terra. The variations in the retrieval inaccuracies show an association with diurnal warming events in the upper ocean from long periods of sunlight in the Arctic. Also contributing to inaccuracies in the retrieval is the surface emissivity effect in BT differences characterized by the Emissivity-introduced BT difference (EΔBT) index. This study demonstrates the characteristics of MODIS-retrieved SSTskin in the Arctic, at least at the Pacific side, and underscores that more in situ SSTskin data at high latitudes are needed for further error identification and algorithm development of IR SSTskin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quality Control and Collocationmentioning

confidence: 99%