High intravitreal TGF-β1 and MMP-9 levels in eyes with retinal vein occlusion

Tuuminen, Raimo; Loukovaara, Sirpa

doi:10.1038/eye.2014.137

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A previous by Tuuminen et al reported higher aqueous humor levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in RVO patients (8), which is line with our observation. MMP1 is a key collagenase and MMP2 and MMP9 are gelatinases.…”

Section: Discussion：supporting

confidence: 94%

“…However, the visual outcome varies in patients. Current management of CRV is not satisfactory (6)(7)(8)(9). The mechanism of RVO remains to be fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, higher intraocular levels of MMP1 and MMP9 have been observed in diabetic retinopathy and higher levels of MMP2 and TIMP1/2 have been detected in the aqueous humour in high myopia patients (18,19). In addition, increased levels of MMP9 have been reported in the vitreous humour in three RVO patients (8). The intraocular level of other MMPs in RVO has not been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Higher aqueous levels of matrix metalloproteinases indicated visual impairment in patients with retina vein occlusion after anti-VEGF therapy

et al. 2019

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PurposeTo investigate the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in aqueous humour of patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and the relationship between intraocular MMP levels and retinal lesion and visual prognosis.Materials and methods52 RVO patients, including 23 with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 29 with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and 20 participants with senile cataract were enrolled in this study. Retinal lesions were examined by fundus colour photography, fluorescein fundus angiography and optical coherence tomographic angiography. Sixty microliters of aqueous humour were collected during intravitreal anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) injection or cataract surgery. The aqueous levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and MMP-10 were measured using the Luminex xMAP multiplex assay. The relationship between MMP levels and clinical presentations was analysed by Pearson correlation test.ResultsThe aqueous humour levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9, but not MMP10 in RVO patients were significantly higher than those in people with cataract after adjusting for age. Further analysis of RVO subgroups showed that the aqueous humour level of MMP2 in CRVO was significantly higher than that in BRVO. The aqueous humour levels of MMP-1 and MMP-2 were positively correlated with superficial capillary plexus vessel density (SVD), whereas the aqueous humour levels of MMP-1 and MMP-7 were negatively correlated with visual improvement following treatment. No correlation between aqueous humour levels of MMP and disease duration and central retinal thickness was observed.ConclusionsRVO eyes had significantly higher intraocular levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 than cataract eyes and the level of MMP2 appears to be related to the area of occlusion. Intraocular levels of MMP may positively affect SVD and negatively impact visual function in RVO.

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Section: Discussion：supporting

confidence: 94%

“…However, the visual outcome varies in patients. Current management of CRV is not satisfactory (6)(7)(8)(9). The mechanism of RVO remains to be fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Higher aqueous levels of matrix metalloproteinases indicated visual impairment in patients with retina vein occlusion after anti-VEGF therapy

et al. 2019

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“…They have been shown to be mitogenic for fibroblasts but inhibit proliferation of most other cell types. 2 TGFb-1 and -2 have been detected in vitreous fluid, 28,35 with higher amounts detected in patients with ocular fibroproliferative disease such as PVR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. TGFb-1 and -2 are pro-fibrotic, 27,36 whereas TGFb-3 reduces expression of fibrotic proteins and promotes deposition of ECM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretion Profile of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium During Wound Healing

Greene

Burke

Por

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…High levels of VEGF and IL-6 correlated with both the severity of macular edema and the extent of retinal ischemia in patients with CRVO and BRVO [Reviewed by Karia, 2010] (147) . (75,80,83,133,143,144,172,205,224,269,302) .…”

Section: A Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischemic retinal vein occlusion: characterizing the more severe spectrum of retinal vein occlusion

Khayat

Williams

Lois

2018

Survey of Ophthalmology

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Retinal vein occlusion (RVO)-including central RVO, branch RVO, and hemicentral and hemispheric RVO-is the second most common vascular cause of visual loss, surpassed only by diabetic retinopathy. The presence and extent of retinal ischemia in RVO is associated with a worse prognosis. On this basis, most previously conducted studies considered ischemic retinal vein occlusion (iRVO) and non-iRVO as separate entities based on set thresholds of existing retinal ischemia as determined by fundus fluorescein angiography. Other diagnostic technologies have been used specifically in the differentiation of ischemic central retinal vein occlusion and nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion. To date, there is no fully accepted definition for iRVO. Some clinicians and researchers may favor establishing a clear differentiation between these forms of RVO; others may prefer not to consider iRVO as a separate entity. Whatever the case, retinal ischemia in RVO confers a higher risk of visual loss and neovascular complications; thus, it should be determined as accurately as possible in patients with this disease and be considered in clinical and experimental studies. Most recently conducted clinical trials evaluating new treatments for macular edema secondary to RVO included none or only few patients with iRVO based on previous definitions (i.e., few patients with sizeable areas of retinal ischemia were recruited in these trials), and thus it is unclear whether the results observed in recruited patients could be extrapolated to those with retinal ischemia. There has been scant research aiming at developing and/or testing treatments for retinal ischemia, as well as to prevent new vessel formation as a result of RVO. We provide a detailed review of the knowledge gathered over the years on iRVO, from controversies on its definition and diagnosis to the understanding of its epidemiology, risk factors and pathogenesis, the structural and functional effects of this disease in the eye and its complications, natural history, and outcomes after treatment. In each section, the definition of iRVO used is given so, independently of whether iRVO is considered a separate clinical entity or a more severe end of the spectrum of RVO, the information will be useful to clinicians to determine patient's risk, guide therapeutic decisions, and counsel patients and for researchers to design future studies.

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High intravitreal TGF-β1 and MMP-9 levels in eyes with retinal vein occlusion

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Higher aqueous levels of matrix metalloproteinases indicated visual impairment in patients with retina vein occlusion after anti-VEGF therapy

Higher aqueous levels of matrix metalloproteinases indicated visual impairment in patients with retina vein occlusion after anti-VEGF therapy

Secretion Profile of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium During Wound Healing

Ischemic retinal vein occlusion: characterizing the more severe spectrum of retinal vein occlusion

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