High-Intensity Progressive Resistance Training Increases Strength With No Change in Cardiovascular Function and Autonomic Neural Regulation in Older Adults

Kanegusuku, Hélcio; Queiroz, Andréia Cristiane Carrenho; Silva, Valdo J.D.; Mello, Marco Túlio de; Ugrinowitsch, Carlos; Forjaz, C. L. M.

doi:10.1123/japa.2012-0324

Cited by 27 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…28 Future studies could explore modalities of vigorous PA that is safe for older adults (such as swimming or highintensity progressive resistance training). 29,30 Furthermore, it may be that other factors play a greater role in influencing lean mass percentage in older adults. There is emerging evidence pointing towards the role of diet, vitamin D intake, and comorbidities such as heart disease and depression in modulating muscle mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerometer‐determined physical activity, muscle mass, and leg strength in community‐dwelling older adults

Foong

Chherawala

Aitken

et al. 2015

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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IntroductionThe aim of this study was to describe the relationship between accelerometer‐determined physical activity (PA), muscle mass, and lower‐limb strength in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsSix hundred thirty‐six community‐dwelling older adults (66 ± 7 years) were studied. Muscle mass was measured using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, whilst lower limb strength was measured via dynamometry. We measured minutes/day spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activity using Actigraph GT1M accelerometers.ResultsParticipants spent a median of 583(Interquartile ratio (IQR) 522–646), 225(176–271), 27(12–45) and 0(0–0) min in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activity, respectively. PA intensity was positively associated with both lean mass percentage and lower limb strength in a dose–response fashion. Sedentary activity was negatively associated with lean mass percentage, but not lower‐limb strength. There was a positive association between PA and appendicular lean mass in men only. There was an interaction between age and activity; as age increased, the magnitude of the association of PA with lean mass percentage decreased. Those who adhered to the Australian Department of Health PA guidelines (moderate/vigorous PA >/=150 min/week) had greater lean mass percentage, appendicular lean mass, and lower limb strength.ConclusionsUsing accelerometer technology, both the amount and intensity of accelerometer‐determined PA had an independent, dose–response relationship with lean mass percentage and lower limb strength, with the largest effect for vigorous activity. Time spent in sedentary activity was negatively associated with lean mass percentage, but was not associated with lower limb strength. The magnitude of the association between PA and lean mass percentage decreased with age, suggesting that PA programmes may need to be modified with increasing age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerometer‐determined physical activity, muscle mass, and leg strength in community‐dwelling older adults

Foong

Chherawala

Aitken

et al. 2015

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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“…Multiple exercise methods have been reported as effective in slowing the muscular aging process. Resistance training and combined aerobic and resistance training have been proven to maintain muscle performance [11][12][13] . A 26-week exercise intervention on obese elderly has found a 18% improvement in strength after combined training and a 19% strength increment after resistance training 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic predisposition score predicts the increases of knee strength and muscle mass after one-year exercise in healthy elderly

Roie

Bogaerts

et al. 2018

Experimental Gerontology

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This study aims to identify a genetic predisposition score from a set of candidate gene variants that predicts the response to a one-year exercise intervention. 200 participants (aged 60-83 years) were randomly assigned to a fitness (FIT), whole-body vibration (WBV) and control group. Participants in the exercise (FIT and WBV) groups performed a one-year intervention program. Whole-body skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and isometric knee extension strength (PT) were measured before and after the intervention. A set of 170 muscle-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. Stepwise regression analysis was applied to select significantly contributing SNPs for baseline and relative change parameters. A data-driven genetic predisposition score (GPS) was calculated by adding up predisposing alleles for each of the phenotypes. GPS was calculated based on 4 to 8 SNPs which were significantly related to the corresponding phenotypes. These SNPs belong to genes that are involved in myoblast differentiation, muscle and bone growth, myofiber contraction, cytokines and DNA methylation. GPS was related to baseline PT and relative changes of SMM and PT in the exercise groups, explaining the variance of the corresponding parameter by 3.2%, 14% and 27%, respectively. Adding one increasing allele in the GPS increased baseline PTIM by 4.73 Nm, and exercise-induced relative changes of SMM and PT by 1.78% and 3.86% respectively. The identified genetic predisposition scores were positively related to baseline knee extension strength and muscle adaptations to exercise in healthy elderly. These findings provide supportive genetic explanations for high and low responders in exercise-induced muscle adaptations.

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“…Elderly people were considered to be prone to slower cardiac, metabolic, and autonomic response as compared to younger ones due to deceleration in vagal reactivation and impairment of cardiac autonomic modulation [ 81 ]. The deleterious effects of advanced age on autonomic regulation could be minimized by intensive exercise [ 82 , 83 ]. Intensive exercise could increase muscle mass and strength without changes in cardiovascular function [ 82 ].…”

Section: Autonomic Nervous System (Ans) and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deleterious effects of advanced age on autonomic regulation could be minimized by intensive exercise [ 82 , 83 ]. Intensive exercise could increase muscle mass and strength without changes in cardiovascular function [ 82 ]. A physical training regime could improve physiological adaptations and autonomic function [ 84 ].…”

Section: Autonomic Nervous System (Ans) and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging-Induced Biological Changes and Cardiovascular Diseases

Fajemiroye

Cunha

Saavedra-Rodríguez

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Aging is characterized by functional decline in homeostatic regulation and vital cellular events. This process can be linked with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we discussed aging-induced biological alterations that are associated with CVDs through the following aspects: (i) structural, biochemical, and functional modifications; (ii) autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation; (iii) epigenetic alterations; and (iv) atherosclerosis and stroke development. Aging-mediated structural and biochemical modifications coupled with gradual loss of ANS regulation, vascular stiffening, and deposition of collagen and calcium often disrupt cardiovascular system homeostasis. The structural and biochemical adjustments have been consistently implicated in the progressive increase in mechanical burden and functional breakdown of the heart and vessels. In addition, cardiomyocyte loss in this process often reduces adaptive capacity and cardiovascular function. The accumulation of epigenetic changes also plays important roles in the development of CVDs. In summary, the understanding of the aging-mediated changes remains promising towards effective diagnosis, discovery of new drug targets, and development of new therapies for the treatment of CVDs.

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High-Intensity Progressive Resistance Training Increases Strength With No Change in Cardiovascular Function and Autonomic Neural Regulation in Older Adults

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Accelerometer‐determined physical activity, muscle mass, and leg strength in community‐dwelling older adults

Accelerometer‐determined physical activity, muscle mass, and leg strength in community‐dwelling older adults

Genetic predisposition score predicts the increases of knee strength and muscle mass after one-year exercise in healthy elderly

Aging-Induced Biological Changes and Cardiovascular Diseases

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