Aging-Induced Biological Changes and Cardiovascular Diseases

Fajemiroye, James Oluwagbamigbe; Cunha, Luíz Carlos da; Saavedra-Rodríguez, Roberto; Rodrigues, Karla Lima; Naves, Lara Marques; Mourão, Aline A.; Silva, Elaine Fernanda da; Williams, Nabofa; Martins, José Luís Rodrigues; Sousa, Romes Bittencourt Nogueira de; Rebelo, Ana Cristina Silva; Reis, António; Santos, Rodrigo da Silva; Ferreira-Neto, Marcos L.; Pedrino, Gustavo Rodrigues

doi:10.1155/2018/7156435

Cited by 74 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 186 publications

(192 reference statements)

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“…Although physical activity is known to be inversely related to age, the high prevalence of insufficient physical activity among the elderly is worrisome relative to age-related health risks. Substantive evidence shows ageing-induced adverse outcomes, such as elevated CVD risk, reduced skeletal muscle performance, increased risk of falls and loss of bone mass [ 36 , 37 ], and depression [ 38 ], can be moderated by physical activity. Physical activity also has an established positive effect on the mental health of the elderly [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Chikafu

Chimbari

2020

IJERPH

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Physical activity, among others, confers cardiovascular, mental, and skeletal health benefits to people of all age-groups and health states. It reduces the risks associated with cardiovascular disease and therefore, could be useful in rural South Africa where cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden is increasing. The objective of this study was to examine levels and correlates of physical activity among adults in the Ingwavuma community in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Self-reported data on physical activity from 392 consenting adults (female, n = 265; male, n = 127) was used. We used the one-sample t-test to assess the level of physical activity and a two-level multiple linear regression to investigate the relationship between total physical activity (TPA) and independent predictors. The weekly number of minutes spent on all physical activities by members of the Ingwavuma community was 912.2; standard deviation (SD) (870.5), with males having 37% higher physical activity (1210.6 min, SD = 994.2) than females (769.2, SD = 766.3). Livelihood activities constituted 65% of TPA, and sport and recreation contributed 10%. Participants without formal education (20%), those underweight (27%), and the obese (16%) had low physical activity. Notwithstanding this, in general, the Ingwavuma community significantly exceeded the recommended weekly time on physical activity with a mean difference of 762.1 (675.8–848.6) minutes, t (391) = 17.335, p < 0.001. Gender and age were significant predictors of TPA in level 1 of the multiple regression. Males were significantly more active than females by 455.4 min (β = −0.25, p < 0.001) and participants of at least 60 years were significantly less active than 18–29-year-olds by 276.2 min (β = −0.12, p < 0.05). Gender, marital status, and health awareness were significant predictors in the full model that included education level, employment status, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity related to health awareness as predictors. The high prevalence of insufficient physical activity in some vulnerable groups, notably the elderly and obese, and the general poor participation in sport and recreation activities are worrisome. Hence we recommend health education interventions to increase awareness of and reshape sociocultural constructs that hinder participation in leisure activities. It is important to promote physical activity as a preventive health intervention and complement the pharmacological treatment of CVDs in rural South Africa. Physical activity interventions for all sociodemographic groups have potential economic gains through a reduction in costs related to the treatment of chronic CVD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Chikafu

Chimbari

2020

IJERPH

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“…Moreover, glycation of collagen increases myocardial stiffness and impairs diastolic function [ 59 ]. Changes in extracellular matrix disturb conduction of impulses thus results in arrhythmias [ 61 , 101 ]. Oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia and AGEs contributes to damage of autonomic neurons that regulate contractility of heart and coronary vessels.…”

Section: Metabolic Disorders In Diabetic Cardiomyopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Effects of Metformin in the Failing Heart

Dziubak

Wójcicka

Wojtak

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Accumulating evidence shows that metformin is an insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drug widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can exert favorable effects on cardiovascular risk and may be safely used in patients with heart failure (HF), and even able to reduce the incidence of HF and to reduce HF mortality. In failing hearts, metformin improves myocardial energy metabolic status through the activation of AMP (adenosine monophosphate)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. By increasing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, limiting interstitial fibrosis, reducing the deposition of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and inhibiting myocardial cell apoptosis metformin reduces cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy, and thereby preserves left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. While a lot of preclinical and clinical studies showed the cardiovascular safety of metformin therapy in diabetic patients and HF, to confirm observed benefits, the specific large-scale trials configured for HF development in diabetic patients as a primary endpoints are necessary.

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“…O envelhecimento é acompanhado de uma série de adaptações anatômicas, fisiológicas e funcionais que podem comprometer a saúde do indivíduo e limitar a realização das tarefas da vida diária (Fajemiroye, et al, 2018;Kritsilis, Koutsoudaki, Evangelou, Gorgoulis, & Papadopoulos, 2018;McCormick, & Vasilaki, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Respostas cardiovasculares agudas frente a diferentes testes funcionais em idosos

et al. 2019

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Os testes de sentar e levantar da cadeira, timed up and go, e o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, são frequentemente utilizados nos ambientes clínico e científico. Contudo, as respostas cardiovasculares frente à realização desses testes necessitam de investigação. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o comportamento da frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial (PA) e frequência respiratória (FR), durante a realização dos mesmos. Nossos achados demonstram que os testes investigados promovem apenas discretas alterações cardiorrespiratórias em idosos.

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Aging-Induced Biological Changes and Cardiovascular Diseases

Cited by 74 publications

References 186 publications

Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Levels and Correlates of Physical Activity in Rural Ingwavuma Community, uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Metabolic Effects of Metformin in the Failing Heart

Respostas cardiovasculares agudas frente a diferentes testes funcionais em idosos

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