High-intensity interval training and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric free acid improves aerobic power and metabolic thresholds

Robinson, Edward H.; Stout, Jeffrey R.; Miramonti, Amelia A.; Fukuda, David H.; Wang, Ran; Townsend, Jeremy R.; Mangine, Gerald T.; Fragala, Maren S.; Hoffman, Jay R.

doi:10.1186/1550-2783-11-16

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…The data of this study thus seem to confirm that HMB supplementation leads to an increase in aerobic capacity in athletes, both in relation to the placebo treatment and values before its supplementation (Pre HMB ). These observations suggest the relevance of the use of HMB in these sports disciplines.Furthermore, our study correspond with the recent results of Robinson et al(32) who, in a group of men and women subjected to 4 weeks of HMB supplementation and high-intensity interval training, recorded increases of 5.9% (P = 0.032) and 9.8% (P < 0.001) in V & O 2 peak over the placebo and control groups (without HMB and training procedure), respectively. The results were similar for VT, which increased by almost 9.3% (P = 0.017) and 16.5% (P = 0.012).…”

supporting

confidence: 94%

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The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes

Durkalec-Michalski

Jeszka²

2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Durkalec-Michalski, K and Jeszka, J. The effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on aerobic capacity and body composition in trained athletes. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2617-2626, 2016-The aim of this study was to investigate whether supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) affects body composition, aerobic capacity, or intramuscular enzymes activity, as well as in anabolic and/or catabolic hormones and lactate concentrations. A cohort of 58 highly trained males was subjected to 12-week supplementation with HMB (3 × 1 gHMB·d) and a placebo (PLA) in randomized, PLA controlled, double-blind crossover trials, with a 10-day washout period. Body composition and aerobic capacity were recorded, whereas the levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, testosterone, cortisol, and lactate, as well as the T/C ratio, in blood samples were measured. After HMB supplementation, fat-free mass increased (+0.2 kgHMB vs. -1.0 kgPLA, p = 0.021), with a simultaneous reduction of fat mass (-0.8 kgHMB vs. +0.8 kgPLA, p < 0.001). In turn, after HMB supplementation, in comparison to PLA, maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above][Combining Dot Above]O2max: +0.102 L·minHMB vs. -0.063 L·minPLA, p = 0.013), time to reach ventilatory threshold (VT) (TVT: +1.0 minHMB vs. -0.4 minPLA, p < 0.0001), threshold load at VT (WVT: +20 WHMB vs. -7 WPLA, p = 0.001), and the threshold heart rate at VT (HRVT: +8 b·minHMB vs. -1 b·minPLA, p < 0.0001) increased significantly. Analysis of the tested biochemical markers shows significant differences only in relation to the initial concentration. In HMB group, testosterone levels increased (p = 0.047) and in both groups (HMB: p = 0.008; PLA: p = 0.008) higher cortisol levels were observed. The results indicate that supplying HMB promotes advantageous changes in body composition and stimulates an increase in aerobic capacity, although seeming not to significantly affect the levels of the analyzed blood markers.

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supporting

confidence: 94%

“…Sample size was determined using previously published data (23,32). The statistical analysis was performed based on the research hypothesis that the HMB supplementation support the physical capacity and body composition regulation in trained athletes.…”

Section: Blood Sampling and Biochemical Analyses The Most Widely Usementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes

Durkalec-Michalski

Jeszka²

2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…High-intensity interval training is an alternative form of resistance training that comprised intermittent bouts of resistive exercise such as cycling. Few studies have investigated the effects of chronic HMB-FA supplementation in conjunction with HIIT [18,19]. Robinson et al [18] examined the effect of HMB-FA on maximal oxygen consumption (VȮ 2 peak), ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point, and time-to-exhaustion after a 4-week cycle ergometry HIIT program.…”

Section: Hmb-fa Supplementation Effects On Hiitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have investigated the effects of chronic HMB-FA supplementation in conjunction with HIIT [18,19]. Robinson et al [18] examined the effect of HMB-FA on maximal oxygen consumption (VȮ 2 peak), ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point, and time-to-exhaustion after a 4-week cycle ergometry HIIT program. Twenty-six recreationally active college-aged men and women were randomly assigned to receive either HMB-FA (3 g • d −1 ) or a placebo, whereas 8 participants served as controls.…”

Section: Hmb-fa Supplementation Effects On Hiitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-eight recreationally active college-aged men and women were randomly assigned to receive either HMB-FA (3 g • d −1 ) or a placebo, whereas 9 participants served as controls. All participants performed a similar 4-week cycle ergometry HIIT program and followed the same HMB-FA dosing protocol described by Robinson et al [18]. HMB-FA supplementation significantly improved PWC FT compared with placebo and control groups.…”

Section: Hmb-fa Supplementation Effects On Hiitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation may improve recovery and muscle adaptations after resistance training: a systematic review

et al. 2017

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β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) has been suggested to accelerate the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle after high-intensity exercise and attenuate markers of skeletal muscle damage. Herein a systematic review on the use of HMB-FA supplementation as an ergogenic aid to improve measures of muscle recovery, performance, and hypertrophy after resistance training was conducted. This review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We included randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials investigating the effects of HMB-FA supplementation in conjunction with resistance exercise in humans. The search was conducted using Medline and Google Scholar databases for the terms beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, HMB free acid, exercise, resistance exercise, strength training, and HMB supplementation. Only research articles published from 1996 to 2016 in English language were considered for the analysis. Nine studies met the criteria for inclusion in the analyses. Most studies included resistance-trained men, and the primary intervention strategy involved administration of 3g of HMB-FA per day. In conjunction with resistance training, HMB-FA supplementation may attenuate markers of muscle damage, augment acute immune and endocrine responses, and enhance training-induced muscle mass and strength. HMB-FA supplementation may also improve markers of aerobic fitness when combined with high-intensity interval training. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to determine the overall efficacy of HMB-FA supplementation as an ergogenic aid.

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Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle‐wasting conditions

Holeček

2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

189

154

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Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine that has been reported to have anabolic effects on protein metabolism. The aims of this article were to summarize the results of studies of the effects of HMB on skeletal muscle and to examine the evidence for the rationale to use HMB as a nutritional supplement to exert beneficial effects on muscle mass and function in various conditions of health and disease.The data presented here indicate that the beneficial effects of HMB have been well characterized in strength‐power and endurance exercise. HMB attenuates exercise‐induced muscle damage and enhances muscle hypertrophy and strength, aerobic performance, resistance to fatigue, and regenerative capacity. HMB is particularly effective in untrained individuals who are exposed to strenuous exercise and in trained individuals who are exposed to periods of high physical stress. The low effectiveness of HMB in strength‐trained athletes could be due to the suppression of the proteolysis that is induced by the adaptation to training, which may blunt the effects of HMB. Studies performed with older people have demonstrated that HMB can attenuate the development of sarcopenia in elderly subjects and that the optimal effects of HMB on muscle growth and strength occur when it is combined with exercise. Studies performed under in vitro conditions and in various animal models suggest that HMB may be effective in treatment of muscle wasting in various forms of cachexia. However, there are few clinical reports of the effects of HMB on muscle wasting in cachexia; in addition, most of these studies evaluated the therapeutic potential of combinations of various agents. Therefore, it has not been possible to determine whether HMB was effective or if there was a synergistic effect. Although most of the endogenous HMB is produced in the liver, there are no reports regarding the levels and the effects of HMB supplementation in subjects with liver disease. Several studies have suggested that anabolic effects of HMB supplementation on skeletal muscle do not occur in healthy, non‐exercising subjects.It is concluded that (i) HMB may be applied to enhance increases in the mass and strength of skeletal muscles in subjects who exercise and in the elderly and (ii) studies examining the effects of HMB administered alone are needed to obtain conclusions regarding the specific effectiveness in attenuating muscle wasting in various muscle‐wasting disorders.

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High-intensity interval training and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric free acid improves aerobic power and metabolic thresholds

Cited by 28 publications

References 48 publications

The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes

The Effect of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition in Trained Athletes

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation may improve recovery and muscle adaptations after resistance training: a systematic review

Beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate supplementation and skeletal muscle in healthy and muscle‐wasting conditions

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