“…The increase in ISUP-GG in the present study when increasing the number of cores from 1 to 2 and from 2 to 3 could impact the management of patients with prostate cancer by causing a shift from active surveillance to more aggressive treatment protocols [36]. According to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, the recommended management of prostate cancer substantially differs between ISUP-GG 1 and ISUP-GG 2 or 3 [36]. We observed that core 3 had an upgrade frequency of 4.1% from ISUP-GG ≤ 1 to ≥ 2 and from ISUP-GG ≤ 2 to ≥ 3.…”
Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…We observed that core 3 had an upgrade frequency of 4.1% from ISUP-GG ≤ 1 to ≥ 2 and from ISUP-GG ≤ 2 to ≥ 3. These upgrades increase the likelihood of a patient being recommended for invasive treatment such as radical prostatectomy, rather than active surveillance [36]. The single upgrade that we observed on core 4 was from ISUP-GG ≤ 2 to ≥ 3 and thus also has implications for clinical management [36].…”
“…The increase in ISUP-GG in the present study when increasing the number of cores from 1 to 2 and from 2 to 3 could impact the management of patients with prostate cancer by causing a shift from active surveillance to more aggressive treatment protocols [36]. According to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, the recommended management of prostate cancer substantially differs between ISUP-GG 1 and ISUP-GG 2 or 3 [36]. We observed that core 3 had an upgrade frequency of 4.1% from ISUP-GG ≤ 1 to ≥ 2 and from ISUP-GG ≤ 2 to ≥ 3.…”
Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…We observed that core 3 had an upgrade frequency of 4.1% from ISUP-GG ≤ 1 to ≥ 2 and from ISUP-GG ≤ 2 to ≥ 3. These upgrades increase the likelihood of a patient being recommended for invasive treatment such as radical prostatectomy, rather than active surveillance [36]. The single upgrade that we observed on core 4 was from ISUP-GG ≤ 2 to ≥ 3 and thus also has implications for clinical management [36].…”
“…Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is employed as first-line treatment for metastatic prostate cancers (PCas). Unfortunately, ADT itself can promote the proliferation of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) cells, 1 which triggers cancer recurrence. Most CRPCs are androgen receptor (AR)-positive and rely on the aberrant activation of the AR-pathway, which favors cell survival and proliferation.…”
Background
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the treatment of choice for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). After an initial response to ADT, PCa cells can generate castration resistant (CRPC) or neuroendocrine (NEPC) malignancies, which are incurable. T‐type calcium channels (TTCCs) are emerging as promising therapeutic targets for several cancers, but their role in PCa progression has never been investigated.
Methods
To examine the role of TTCCs in PCa, we analyzed their expression level, copy number variants (CNV) and prognostic significance using clinical datasets (Oncomine and cBioPortal). We then evaluated TTCC expression in a panel of PCa cell lines and measured the effect of their inhibition on cell proliferation and survival using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and caspase assays.
Results
TTCCs were upregulated in PCas harboring androgen receptor (AR) mutations; CNV rate was positively associated with PCa progression. Higher expression of one TTCC isoform (CACNA1G) predicted poorer postoperative prognosis in early stage PCa samples. Pharmacological or small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐based inhibition of TTCCs caused a decrease in PC‐3 cell survival and proliferation.
Conclusions
Our results show that TTCCs are overexpressed in advanced forms of PCa and correlate with a poorer prognosis. TTCC inhibition reduces cell proliferation and survival, suggesting that there may be possible value in the therapeutic targeting of TTCCs in advanced PCa.
The objective of this study is to design a therapeutic method combining a portable high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) design which is suitable for the laboratory environment and a tailored integrated photo-acoustic imaging (PAI) system for monitoring thermal treatment. The electrical HIFU design is fabricated with changeable operating frequency and justified output power for resonating with different kinds of commercial transducers. The system’s control interface is built based on a touch screen to create a companionable interaction for users. The embedded fuzzy logic controller using the thermal input from the thermocouple sensor precisely drives the target temperature during HIFU exposure to achieve the expectedly coagulating results. The PAI system with 532-nm laser excitation is also integrated to define the affected region before and after HIFU treatment. The proposed fuzzy controller-integrated HIFU setup compatible with the PAI system is a feasible instrument in thermal therapy for ex vivo artificial tumors management.
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