High-Intensity Exercise Induced Oxidative Stress and Skeletal Muscle Damage in Postpubertal Boys and Girls: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Pal, S, Chaki, B, Chattopadhyay, S, and Bandyopadhyay, A. High-intensity exercise induced oxidative stress and skeletal muscle damage in post-pubertal boys and girls: a comparative study. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1045-1052, 2018-The purpose of this study was to examine the sex variation in high-intensity exercise induced oxidative stress and muscle damage among 44 sedentary postpubertal boys and girls through estimation of postexercise release pattern of muscle damage markers like creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and oxidative stress markers like extent of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and catalase activity. Muscle damage markers like creatine kinase, LDH, ALT, and AST were measured before, immediately after, and 24 and 48 hours after high-intensity incremental treadmill running. Oxidative stress markers like thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and catalase activity were estimated before and immediately after the exercise. Lipid peroxidation and serum catalase activity increased significantly in both groups after exercise (p < 0.001) with postexercise values and percentage increase significantly higher in postpubertal boys as compared to girls (p < 0.001). Creatine kinase and LDH activity also increased significantly above pre-exercise level at 24 and 48 hours after exercise in both the sexes, (p < 0.001) with values significantly higher for boys than the girls (p < 0.001). Although ALT and AST increased significantly in both the groups after exercise, the pattern of postexercise release of these markers were found to be similar in both the groups. Accordingly, it has been concluded from the present investigation that high-intensity exercise induces significant oxidative stress and increases indices of skeletal muscle damage in both postpubertal girls and boys. However, postpubertal girls are relatively better protected from oxidative stress and muscle damage as compared to the boys of similar age and physical activity level. It is further evident that sex difference may not be apparent for all the biomarkers of muscle damage in this age group.

Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Blood Markers of Muscle Damage and Inflammation Following Eccentric Exercise

“…Thus, the higher ALT concentration in the LFP would agree with some results that suggest the lack of estrogen's protective effect, but further investigation is warranted. On the contrary, the AST response was not affected by menstrual cycle phases but increased in post-exercise measurements, which is in accordance with previous female studies [43,44].…”

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship between Serum Creatine Kinase and Liver Biochemistry in Patients with Rhabdomyolysis

“…Studies examining the nature of the relationship between CK and ALT in patients with rhabdomyolysis are limited. Experiments in healthy subjects with normal baseline liver function have proven that rhabdomyolysis can be associated with elevated aminotransferases [4,6,11]. These studies have focused on the temporal association rather than functional form, and thus not attempted to quantify this relationship.…”

“…However, what is less appreciated is that aminotransferases are present in muscle, and include aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [3]. AST and ALT are typically considered liver enzymes but there is observational and experimental evidence that they are transiently increased in rhabdomyolysis [3][4][5][6][7]. ALT and AST are distributed in many tissues other than the liver.…”

The Impact of Aspirin Intake on Lactate Dehydrogenase, Arterial Stiffness, and Oxidative Stress During High‐Intensity Exercise: A Pilot Study

“…Fatigue results mainly from increases in metabolic stress-derived oxidative damage and inflammatory molecules (Jammes et al, 2004;Weseler and Bast, 2010) that occur during high-intensity exercise which may hinder both performance and recovery (Duarte et al, 1993). High-intensity exercises such as combat sports increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation (Pal et al, 2018). High levels of ROS and inflammation have been known to result in an attenuation of skeletal Journal of Human Kinetics -volume 72/2020 http://www.johk.pl muscle function, sports performance, and chronic fatigue, which may collectively cause an increased risk of injury in athletes (Jammes et al, 2004).…”