High impact resistance epoxy resins by incorporation of quadruply hydrogen bonded supramolecular polymers

Chai, Zhuoye; Xie, Zhong; Zhang, Peng; Ouyang, Xiaoying; Li, Rui; Gao, Shan; Wei, Hao; Liu, Lian-he; Shuai, Zhi-Jun

doi:10.1007/s10118-016-1809-1

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In TES composites (–OH), the stretching peak is shifted to lower wave number 3334 cm −1 while no peak is detected for carbonyl (C=O) stretch. The absence of carbonyl peak reflects the dissociation of formed surface carbonyls with epoxy and is also reported [ 40 ]. The area of hydroxyl (–OH) region intensity is also broadened for TES composites.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Reinforcement of Stearic Acid Treated Egg Shell Particles in Epoxy Thermosets: Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Characterization

Shah

Zhang

et al. 2018

Materials

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This work reports the modification of egg shell (ES) particles by using stearic acid (SA) and their reinforcement in the epoxy matrix. The ES treatment via SA was optimized, the optimum conditions for concentration, temperature, and time were found to be 2.5%, 85 °C, and 50 min, respectively. The untreated ES (UES) and treated ES (TES) particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size distribution, and contact angle. FTIR confirmed the chemical modification of SA on ES surface and DSC reflects an endothermic peak at 240 °C. XRD reveal a decrease in crystal size and crystallinity, while contact angle increases to 169° from 42°. The SEM observations clearly reflect a distinct decrease and separation of small domains of ES particles thus improving an increased surface area. Afterwards, the UES and TES particles were reinforced in epoxy at 15 and 20 weight (wt.) % loading. The tensile tests confirmed a 22% increase in elongation as compared to pure epoxy due to the hydrogen bonding between TES particles and matrix. The lowest brittleness was recorded for TES/epoxy composites on 20 wt % loading. The TGA confirmed the improved thermal stabilities at 20 wt % loading of TES particles in matrix, the improvements in T5%, T10%, and T20% values were recorded as 33, 26, and 21 °C higher than the corresponding values for neat matrix. The TES/epoxy composites on 20 wt % showed 41% increase in storage modulus as compared to the pristine epoxy, and cross-link density reaches to 2.71 × 10−3 from 1.29 × 10−3 mol/cm3 for neat matrix. The decline in tan δ height and improvement in Tg were also observed. The best adhesion effectiveness was recorded for TES/epoxy composites. This simple and economical modification technique can enhance the application of ES particles in various polymeric coating and composites applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Reinforcement of Stearic Acid Treated Egg Shell Particles in Epoxy Thermosets: Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Characterization

Shah

Zhang

et al. 2018

Materials

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“…The hydrogen bonds influence the material performance. 41 The FTIR spectroscopy technique was used to validate the formation of hydrogen bonds. The absorption bands of the -OH groups (region: 3600-3000 cm �1 ) heavily overlapped.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Toughening Of the Cured Blend Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal properties of polybenzoxazine exhibiting improved toughness: Blending with cyclodextrin and its derivatives

Zhao

et al. 2021

High Performance Polymers

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Polybenzoxazines are emerging as a class of high-performance thermoset polymers that can find their applications in various fields. However, its practical application is limited by its low toughness. The cyclic β-cyclodextrin and a newly synthesized derivative (β-cyclodextrin-MAH) were separately blended with benzoxazine to improve the toughness of polybenzoxazine. The results revealed that the maximum impact strength of the blend was 12.24 kJ·m−2 and 14.29 kJ·m−2 when 1 wt.% of β-Cyclodextrin and β-Cyclodextrin-MAH, respectively, were used. The strengths were 53% and 86% higher than that of pure polybenzoxazine. The curing reaction, possible chemical structures, and fractured surface were examined using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques to understand the mechanism of generation of toughness. The results revealed that the sea-island structure and the presence of hydrogen bonds between polybenzoxazine and β-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin-MAH resulted in the generation of toughness. Furthermore, the curves generated during thermogravimetric analysis did not significantly change, revealing the good thermal properties of the system. The phase-separated structure and the hydrogen bonds present in the system can be exploited to prepare synergistically tough polybenzoxazine exhibiting excellent thermal properties. This can be a potential way of modifying the thermoset resins.

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“…Epoxy resins (EPs) are widely used in various industrial fields such as adhesives, paints and potting materials, laminates, encapsulants for semiconductors, and insulating materials for electrical devices. [12][13][14][15][16] EPs have shown many advantages such as good adhesion to many substrates, low shrinkage on curing, solvent/chemical resistance, high tensile strength and modulus, good electrical properties, and excellent dimensional stability, which are important for the above applications. HGMs/EP synthetic foams have been prepared and used in a wide range of marine applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of hollow glass microsphere and its marine-adaptive composites with epoxy resin

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Composites Letters

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A novel epoxy resin (EP)/hollow glass microsphere modified (g-HGM) composite was successfully prepared. Studies showed that the water absorption rate of the g-HGMs/EP composite is lower than pure HGMs/EP and HGMs-KH550/EP composites, while the compressive strength of g-HGMs/EP composites could be increased. The enhanced interfacial adhesion between EP and g-HGMs played an important role to improve the compatibility of the two components. The g-HGMs show little effect on density (relative to HGMs) on the g-HGMs/EP composites, which can perform better than the HGMs/EP composites being used in marine environments. It was found that the optimal content of 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate in the epoxy component was 20 wt%.

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High impact resistance epoxy resins by incorporation of quadruply hydrogen bonded supramolecular polymers

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Reinforcement of Stearic Acid Treated Egg Shell Particles in Epoxy Thermosets: Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Characterization

Reinforcement of Stearic Acid Treated Egg Shell Particles in Epoxy Thermosets: Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Characterization

Thermal properties of polybenzoxazine exhibiting improved toughness: Blending with cyclodextrin and its derivatives

Surface modification of hollow glass microsphere and its marine-adaptive composites with epoxy resin

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