High GRP78 levels in Covid-19 infection: A case-control study

Sabırlı, Ramazan; Köseler, Aylin; Goren, Tarik; Turkcuer, Ibrahim; Kurt, Özgür

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118781

Cited by 107 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Interestingly, acidemic states and hyperglycemia induce the enthodelial receptor glucose-regulated protein (GRP 78) and the Mucorales adhesin spore coat protein homologs (CotH), creating a “perfect storm” for increased adhesion and penetration of Mucorales to the endothelium. Of interest, GRP 78 has been postulated as one of the receptors responsible for SARS-CoV-2 entry [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis

John

Jacob

Kontoyiannis

2021

JoF

398

352

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Mucormycosis (MCR) has been increasingly described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the epidemiological factors, presentation, diagnostic certainty, and outcome of such patients are not well described. We review the published COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAMCR) cases (total 41) to identify risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes. CAMCR was typically seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (94%) especially the ones with poorly controlled DM (67%) and severe or critical COVID-19 (95%). Its presentation was typical of MCR seen in diabetic patients (mostly rhino-orbital and rhino-orbital-cerebral presentation). In sharp contrast to reported COVID-associated aspergillosis (CAPA) cases, nearly all CAMCR infections were proven (93%). Treating physicians should have a high suspicion for CAMCR in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and severe COVID-19 presenting with rhino-orbital or rhino-cerebral syndromes. CAMR is the convergence of two storms, one of DM and the other of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis

John

Jacob

Kontoyiannis

2021

JoF

398

352

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“…GRP78 is broadly expressed in many tissues including bronchial epithelial cells and the respiratory mucosa at levels significantly higher than ACE2 (12). In recent case-control studies, serum GRP78 levels were found to be elevated in SARS-CoV-2 cases (13). Under pathophysiological conditions such as cancer and viral infection, GRP78 can translocate from the ER to the cell surface where it acts as co-receptor for various signaling molecules, as well as for viral entry (10,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: J O U R N a L P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 98%

The chaperone GRP78 is a host auxiliary factor for SARS-CoV-2 and GRP78 depleting antibody blocks viral entry and infection

Carlos¹,

Ha²,

Yeh³

et al. 2021

Journal of Biological Chemistry

117

118

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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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“…Under stress conditions such as virus multiplication, the expression of GRP78 is considerably increased, and GRP78 is actively translocated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cell surface where it acts as co-receptor for spike protein. Indeed, levels of GRP78 were found to be significantly increased in COVID-19 patients [5].…”

Section: Preclinical Data Suggest a Potential Benefit Of Cannabidiol mentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental Studies and First Retrospective Clinical Data Suggest a Possible Benefit of CBD in COVID-19

2021

J Pharmacol Pharm Res

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SARS-CoV-2 damages human cells and organs by multiple mechanisms. Intriguingly, preclinical studies have demonstrated that cannabidiol (CBD) may interact in many ways with virus entry and cell stress on one hand, and with inflammatory mechanisms affecting the lung and other organs on the other. A number of very recent in vitro and in silico studies demonstrate that CBD may be able to affect a high number of different proteins that are involved in the infection process, among them the Glucose Regulated Protein 78, heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), the virus-specific protease SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and apelin. Furthermore, a number of animal studies confirmed independently the anti-inflammatory and organ protective properties of CBD. As there is still no optimal treatment known, highly purified magisterial phyto-CBD has been included to a standard therapy for COVID-19 as an adjunct anti-inflammatory drug. A retrospective analysis of data of 30 patients hospitalised for COVID-19 and who received adjuvant low dose CBD (up to 300 mg/day), show a more pronounced reduction of virus load, normalisation of lymphocyte counts and of other abnormal laboratory parameters when compared to a non-matched group of patients who did not receive CBD.

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High GRP78 levels in Covid-19 infection: A case-control study

Cited by 107 publications

References 30 publications

When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis

When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis

The chaperone GRP78 is a host auxiliary factor for SARS-CoV-2 and GRP78 depleting antibody blocks viral entry and infection

Experimental Studies and First Retrospective Clinical Data Suggest a Possible Benefit of CBD in COVID-19

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