High fungal-mediated leaching efficiency of valuable metals from deep-sea polymetallic nodules

Beolchini, Francesca; Becci, Alessandro; Barone, Giulio; Amato, Alessia; Hekeu, M.; Danovaro, Roberto; Dell’Anno, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.101037

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Beolchini et al 366 studied the fungal-mediated leaching efficiency of valuable metals from such deep-sea polymetallic nodules, which they also had obtained from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone. Biometallurgical leaching was studied using Aspergillus and mixed cultures of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma under different conditions.…”

Section: Sustainability Aspects Of the Mineral Feedstock For Copper P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Clarion-Clipperton Zone alone is approximately 5,000 km long and 1,000 km wide. Estimates suggest that it contains nodule deposits of about 25–40 billion tonnes. − Nodules from the Clarion-Clipperton belt have high content of manganese (30 wt %), nickel (1.4 wt %), copper (1.1 wt %), and cobalt (0.2 wt %). Compared to any of the land-based ores, the nodules of this region alone contain about 3.4–5 times more cobalt, 1.8–3 times more nickel, and 1.2 times more manganese.…”

Section: Feedstock For Sustainable Metal Production: Minerals Metals ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Raabe

2023

Chem. Rev.

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Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes of by-products every year. Therefore, metals must become more sustainable. A circular economy model does not work, because market demand exceeds the available scrap currently by about two-thirds. Even under optimal conditions, at least one-third of the metals will also in the future come from primary production, creating huge emissions. Although the influence of metals on global warming has been discussed with respect to mitigation strategies and socio-economic factors, the fundamental materials science to make the metallurgical sector more sustainable has been less addressed. This may be attributed to the fact that the field of sustainable metals describes a global challenge, but not yet a homogeneous research field. However, the sheer magnitude of this challenge and its huge environmental effects, caused by more than 2 billion tonnes of metals produced every year, make its sustainability an essential research topic not only from a technological point of view but also from a basic materials research perspective. Therefore, this paper aims to identify and discuss the most pressing scientific bottleneck questions and key mechanisms, considering metal synthesis from primary (minerals), secondary (scrap), and tertiary (re-mined) sources as well as the energy-intensive downstream processing. Focus is placed on materials science aspects, particularly on those that help reduce CO2 emissions, and less on process engineering or economy. The paper does not describe the devastating influence of metal-related greenhouse gas emissions on climate, but scientific approaches how to solve this problem, through research that can render metallurgy fossil-free. The content is considering only direct measures to metallurgical sustainability (production) and not indirect measures that materials leverage through their properties (strength, weight, longevity, functionality).

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Section: Sustainability Aspects Of the Mineral Feedstock For Copper P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Feedstock For Sustainable Metal Production: Minerals Metals ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Raabe

2023

Chem. Rev.

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“…The present attempt to use a high-pressure water jet for micro comminution is motivated by the search for an effective method of comminution of polymetallic concretions while ensuring the greatest possible development of the specific surface area of the obtained particles. Such parameters are required to intensify the radically different metallurgical processes [55,56] employed in the treatment of concretions, and are based on various methods [57,58] of bio-leaching and bioprocessing concretions with the participation of appropriate fungi [59].…”

Section: Comminution Of Polymetallic Concretions With a Medium-high-p...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comminution of Polymetallic Nodules with a High-Pressure Water Jet

et al. 2022

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This paper presents an original method for the comminution of polymetallic nodules in a hydro-jet mill of our own design, having the water jet pressure in the range of 70–200 MPa. The best comminution results are ensured by equipping the mill with a water jet having a diameter dw = 0.7 mm and a comminution-homogenization tube having a diameter dh = 2.4 mm, and by setting a distance s = 10 mm from the outlet of the homogenization tube to the comminuting disc. Particles of concretions comminuted under such conditions are characterized by a fairly regular isometric shape and favorable morphology represented by intense development of the specific surface.

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“…[4][5][6][7] Moreover, studies have suggested that the extraction of Ni, Co, and Cu from manganese nodules is much related to the destruction of the structure of Fe-Mn oxides as these metals are presenting specialistic and preferential adsorption of ferromanganese oxides. [8][9][10] In other words, the transformation and separation of the Fe-Mn oxides are a necessary precondition for the recoveries of valuable metals from manganese nodules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%