High-frequency ultrasound annular-array imaging. Part I: array design and fabrication

Piezoelectric materials for high frequency medical imaging applications: A review

“…Lastly materials such as Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT), which are particularly suited for linear array transducers due to their high clamped dielectric permittivity, are now being manufactured in fine grain versions [17]. Alternately, fine grain PbTiO 3 has enabled the development of high frequency (50 MHz) annular array transducers due to its moderately low clamped dielectric permittivity [12].…”

Ultrasonic transcutaneous energy transfer using a continuous wave 650kHz Gaussian shaded transmitter

“…Radial surface velocity distribution may be attained through several approaches, such as uniform excitation of a transducer with a radial distribution of the level of piezoelectric polarization [16,17], or use of a non-uniform radial excitation of a transducer composed of an array of concentric rings surrounding an inner concentric disc [18]. The second approach was chosen since it does not involve a complex piezoelectric material polarization procedure.…”

High-Frequency Ex vivo Ultrasound Imaging of the Auditory System

“…In particular, to produce a well-collimated ultrasound beam, array elements with microscopic dimensions are required and the digital sampling resolution of the electronic beamformer has to be increased proportional to the frequency. Despite these challenges, there has recently been some success in developing high-frequency 30 to 50 MHz array transducers (Ritter et al 2002;Brown et al 2004a;Ketterling et al 2005;Lukacs et al 2006;Snook et al 2006;Cannata et al 2006;Brown et al 2007) and beamformers (Stitt et al 2002;Brown and Lockwood 2005;Hu et al 2006;Mehi et al 2007;Lay and Lockwood 2007). The images described in this article were generated with a high-frequency system based on a 50 MHz, 2 mm diameter, seven-element annular array transducer and a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based beamformer (Brown et al 2004a(Brown et al , 2004bBrown and Lockwood 2005).…”