Piezoelectric materials for high frequency medical imaging applications: A review

Shung, K. Kirk; Cannata, J.M.; Zhou, Qifa

doi:10.1007/s10832-007-9044-3

Cited by 213 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…24 During the last decade innovative multilayer piezoelectric stack actuators were developed in the automobile industry for high-speed high-pressure direct injection engines. [25][26][27][28] For the application of pulsed molecular beams the typical displacement needed is of the order of 30-70 m for nozzle diameters of 100-300 m. Cantilever piezos can deliver large displacements up to hundreds of micrometer to 1 mm.…”

Section: A Design and Choice Of Piezomentioning

confidence: 99%

A short pulse (7 μs FWHM) and high repetition rate (dc-5kHz) cantilever piezovalve for pulsed atomic and molecular beams

Irimia

Dobrikov

Kortekaas

et al. 2009

Review of Scientific Instruments

102

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In this paper we report on the design and operation of a novel piezovalve for the production of short pulsed atomic or molecular beams. The high speed valve operates on the principle of a cantilever piezo. The only moving part, besides the cantilever piezo itself, is a very small O-ring that forms the vacuum seal. The valve can operate continuous ͑dc͒ and in pulsed mode with the same drive electronics. Pulsed operation has been tested at repetition frequencies up to 5 kHz. The static deflection of the cantilever, as mounted in the valve body, was measured as a function of driving field strength with a confocal microscope. The deflection and high speed dynamical response of the cantilever can be easily changed and optimized for a particular nozzle diameter or repetition rate by a simple adjustment of the free cantilever length. Pulsed molecular beams with a full width at half maximum pulse width as low as 7 s have been measured at a position 10 cm downstream of the nozzle exit. This represents a gas pulse with a length of only 10 mm making it well matched to for instance experiments using laser beams. Such a short pulse with 6 bar backing pressure behind a 150 m nozzle releases about 10 16 particles/pulse and the beam brightness was estimated to be 4 ϫ 10 22 particles/ ͑s str͒. The short pulses of the cantilever piezovalve result in a much reduced gas load in the vacuum system. We demonstrate operation of the pulsed valve with skimmer in a single vacuum chamber pumped by a 520 l/s turbomolecular pump maintaining a pressure of 5 ϫ 10 −6 Torr, which is an excellent vacuum to have the strong and cold skimmed molecular beam interact with laser beams only 10 cm downstream of the nozzle to do velocity map slice imaging with a microchannel-plate imaging detector in a single chamber. The piezovalve produces cold and narrow ͑⌬v / v =2% -3%͒ velocity distributions of molecules seeded in helium or neon at modest backing pressures of only 6 bar. The low gas load of the cantilever valve makes it possible to design very compact single chamber molecular beam machines with high quality cold and intense supersonic beams. The high speed cantilever piezovalve may find broad applicability in experiments where short and strong gas pulses are needed with only modest pumping, the effective use of ͑expensive͒ samples, or the production of cold atomic and molecular beams.

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Section: A Design and Choice Of Piezomentioning

confidence: 99%

A short pulse (7 μs FWHM) and high repetition rate (dc-5kHz) cantilever piezovalve for pulsed atomic and molecular beams

Irimia

Dobrikov

Kortekaas

et al. 2009

Review of Scientific Instruments

102

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“…Moreover, from the viewpoint of industrial application, d 33 is not the only figure of merit. Actually, preliminary reports on piezoelectric devices utilizing KNN-based materials already exhibit promising results, including high-frequency ultrasonic transducers [101][102][103], surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices [29] and so on [104][105][106][107]. Although it is possible that KNN cannot carry out the historical assignment to substitute PZT everywhere, it must find suitable opportunities to fulfill itself eventually.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(K,Na)NbO3-based Lead-free Piezoelectric Materials: An Encounter with Scanning Probe Microscopy

Zhang¹,

Thong²,

Lu³

et al. 2017

J. Korean Ceram. Soc

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Most widely used piezoelectric ceramics are based on Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) composition which has adverse environmental and health effects due to its high lead content. Environmental and safety concerns with respect to the utilization, recycling, and disposal of lead-based piezoelectric ceramics have induced a new surge in developing lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Among all the lead-free ceramics, (K,Na)NbO 3 (KNN) has drawn increasing attention because of its well-balanced piezoelectric properties and better environmental compatibility. On basis of the author's work, this review summarizes the progress that has been made in recent years on development of KNN-based piezoelectric ceramics, including crystallographic structure and phase transition analysis, pressurized solid-state sintering as well as liquid-phase-assisted sintering process, and poling treatment for property enhancement. All in all, KNN is a promising lead-free system, but more research is still required both from academic and industrial interests.

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“…This is opposite to nonferroelectric piezoelectrics such as ZnO, AlN, and quartz as well as anti-ferroelectrics which do not possess a remnant polarization after the electric field is removed. 1,2,[4][5][6][7][8] Due to their special characteristics, piezoelectric materials have found hundreds of civil, military, and energy-related applications. Automotive, computer, medical, and electronic industries are the main customers of piezoelectric materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead-free piezoelectric materials and ultrasonic transducers for medical imaging

2015

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Piezoelectric materials have been vastly used in ultrasonic transducers for medical imaging. In this paper, firstly, the most promising lead-free compositions with perovskite structure for medical imaging applications have been reviewed. The electromechanical properties of various lead-free ceramics, composites, and single crystals based on barium titanate, bismuth sodium titanate, potassium sodium niobate, and lithium niobate are presented. Then, fundamental principles and design considerations of ultrasonic transducers are briefly described. Finally, recent developments in lead-free ultrasonic probes are discussed and their acoustic performance is compared to lead-based transducers. Focused transducers with different beam focusing methods such as lens focusing and mechanical shaping are explained. Additionally, acoustic characteristics of lead-free probes including the pulse-echo results as well as their imaging capabilities for various applications such as phantom imaging, in vitro intravascular ultrasound imaging of swine aorta, and in vivo or ex vivo imaging of human eyes and skin are reviewed.

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Piezoelectric materials for high frequency medical imaging applications: A review

Cited by 213 publications

References 37 publications

A short pulse (7 μs FWHM) and high repetition rate (dc-5kHz) cantilever piezovalve for pulsed atomic and molecular beams

A short pulse (7 μs FWHM) and high repetition rate (dc-5kHz) cantilever piezovalve for pulsed atomic and molecular beams

(K,Na)NbO3-based Lead-free Piezoelectric Materials: An Encounter with Scanning Probe Microscopy

Lead-free piezoelectric materials and ultrasonic transducers for medical imaging

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