High Frequency of the EMRSA-15 Clone (ST22-MRSA-IV) in Hospital Wastewater

Silva, Vanessa; Ribeiro, Jessica; Rocha, Jaqueline; Manaia, Célia M.; Silva, Adriana; Pereira, José Eduardo López; Maltez, Luís; Capelo-Martínez, José Luis; Igrejas, Gilberto; Poeta, Patrícia

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10010147

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, S. aureus produces an enormous variety of virulence factors which include a wide range of toxins and immune evasion factors [ 14 ]. S. aureus is a widespread species that has been isolated from humans, hospital settings, farm animals, pets, wild animals, wastewater, and surface water [ 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. S. aureus isolates can be grouped into different genetic lineages defined by molecular typing methods, such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa -typing, and whole genome sequencing [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus from Cattle, Their Handlers, and Their Surroundings: A Cross-Sectional Study from the One Health Perspective

et al. 2022

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Staphylococcus aureus have been progressively identified in farm animals and in humans with direct contact with these animals showing that S. aureus may be a major zoonotic pathogen. Therefore, we aimed to isolate S. aureus from cows, their handlers, and their immediate surroundings, and to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of the isolates. Mouth and nose swabs of 244 healthy cows (195 Maronesa, 11 Holstein-Friesians, and 28 crossbreeds), 82 farm workers, 53 water and 63 soil samples were collected. Identification of species was carried out by MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper. The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was assessed based on gene search by PCR. All isolates were typed by multilocus sequence typing and spa-typing. From 442 samples, 33 (13.9%), 24 (29.3%), 1 (2%), and 1 (2%) S. aureus were recovered from cows, farm workers, water, and soil samples, respectively. Most of the isolates showed resistance only to penicillin. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to 17 sequence types (STs) and 26 spa-types. Some clonal lineages were common to both cows and farm workers such as ST30-t9413, ST72-t148, and ST45-t350. Through a One Health approach, this study revealed that there is a great diversity of clonal lineages of S. aureus in cows and their handlers. Furthermore, some S. aureus lineages are common to cows and handlers, which may suggest a possible transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus from Cattle, Their Handlers, and Their Surroundings: A Cross-Sectional Study from the One Health Perspective

et al. 2022

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“…The isolates were recovered from hospital wastewaters and surface waters between 2019 and 2020: four mec C-MRSA, 29 MSSA, 28 S. sciuri , five S. lentus , five S. xylosus , four S. epidermidis , two S. urealyticus , two S. vitulinus , one S. caprae , one S. succinus , one S. carnous spp. carnous , one S. equorum and one S. simulans from surface waters, and 28 mec A-MRSA from hospital wastewaters [ 13 , 14 ]. All isolates have been previously characterized regarding their antimicrobial resistance and S. aureus genetic lineages by MLST, spa -and agr -typing [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…carnous , one S. equorum and one S. simulans from surface waters, and 28 mec A-MRSA from hospital wastewaters [ 13 , 14 ]. All isolates have been previously characterized regarding their antimicrobial resistance and S. aureus genetic lineages by MLST, spa -and agr -typing [ 13 , 14 ]. S. aureus ATCC ® 25923 was used as a positive control since it has a high ability to form biofilm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococci are spread across the natural environment and have been isolated from air, dust, wild animals, and water [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Furthermore, several studies have reported the presence of MRSA and MRCoNS in wastewater, sea, river, and surface waters [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In fact, it has been shown that biofilm formation in piping and aquatic systems improved bacterial survival in the water environment [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, environmental factors such as pH, temperature, nutrient content, salinity, and dissolved oxygen play important roles in the development of staphylococcal biofilm, influencing their persistence in water [ 6 , 17 ]. Staphylococci in wastewater may reach the natural aquatic ecosystems since it has been shown that wastewater treatment does not completely eliminate bacteria [ 14 ]. Once present in surface waters, staphylococci disperse in the environment, spreading to humans and animals entering the food chain [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Environmental Factors on Biofilm Formation of Staphylococci Isolated from Wastewater and Surface Water

et al. 2022

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The presence of biofilms can negatively affect several different areas, such as the food industry, environment, and biomedical sectors. Conditions under which bacteria grow and develop, such as temperature, nutrients, and pH, among others, can largely influence biofilm production. Staphylococcus species survive in the natural environment due to their tolerance to a wide range of temperatures, dryness, dehydration, and low water activity. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of external environmental factors on the formation of biofilm of staphylococci isolated from hospital wastewater and surface waters. We investigated the biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) under various temperatures, pH values, salt concentrations, glucose concentrations, and under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. CoNS had the ability to produce more biofilm biomass than MSSA and MRSA. All environmental factors studied influenced the biofilm formation of staphylococci isolates after 24h of incubation. Higher biofilm formation was achieved at 4% of NaCl and 0.5% of glucose for MSSA and CoNS, and 1% of NaCl and 1.5% of glucose for MRSA isolates. Biofilm formation of isolates was greater at 25 °C and 37 °C than at 10 °C and 4 °C. pH values between 6 and 8 led to more robust biofilm formation than pH levels of 9 and 5. Although staphylococci are facultative anaerobes, biofilm formation was higher in the presence of oxygen. The results demonstrated that multiple environmental factors affect staphylococci biofilm formation. Different conditions affect differently the biofilm formation of MRSA, MSSA, and CoNS strains.

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Treatment of hospital wastewater: emphasis on ecotoxicity and antibiotic resistance genes

Kaliakatsos

Gounaki

Dokianakis

et al. 2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUNDHospital wastewater (HWW) charges wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with a mixture of contaminants such as pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and pathogenic bacteria. This matrix is considered highly toxic to the ecosystem and organisms, and it may induce the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within microbial communities. Conventional WWTPs cannot treat HWW effectively, because they have not been designed to confront this challenge. Therefore, this study investigated the applicability of photocatalysis to purify HWW, regarding its ecotoxicity and the removal rates of targeted substances, selected pathogenic bacteria and specific ARGs.RESULTSThe HWW samples showed high toxicity towards the bioindicator Daphnia magna population, while they also contained significant levels of ARB and ARGs. Upon application of the photocatalytic treatment, the pharmaceutical concentrations decreased at a rate of >80% and the removal rates of the examined bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Klebsiella sp. and Staphylococcus sp.) were >80%. Importantly, the bacteria remaining after photocatalysis were sensitive to the tested antibiotics. Conversely, the examined ARGs were present in high concentrations before and after photocatalytic treatment. For example, the concentrations of the selected genes, namely ampC, sul2, tetA and qnrA, in the effluents were from 104 to 106 gene copies L−1.CONCLUSIONSPhotocatalysis may be a promising treatment technique for the elimination of PhACs and pathogenic bacteria from HWW. Moreover, it proved capable of altering the antibiotic resistance profile of the bacteria surviving after treatment, making them sensitive to certain antibiotic compounds. However, the main concern regarding public health protection remains, as the presence of ARGs in effluents in considerable concentrations may induce antibiotic resistance in bacterial communities of aquatic environments. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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High Frequency of the EMRSA-15 Clone (ST22-MRSA-IV) in Hospital Wastewater

Cited by 16 publications

References 64 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus from Cattle, Their Handlers, and Their Surroundings: A Cross-Sectional Study from the One Health Perspective

Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus from Cattle, Their Handlers, and Their Surroundings: A Cross-Sectional Study from the One Health Perspective

Influence of Environmental Factors on Biofilm Formation of Staphylococci Isolated from Wastewater and Surface Water

Treatment of hospital wastewater: emphasis on ecotoxicity and antibiotic resistance genes

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