High-Frequency Nonlinear Earthquake Simulations on Petascale Heterogeneous Supercomputers

Roten, Daniel; Cui, Yifeng; Olsen, Kim B.; Day, Steven M.; Withers, K.; Savran, William; Wang, Peng; Mu, Dawei

doi:10.1109/sc.2016.81

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Simulations are carried out using the AWP-ODC finite difference code [Olsen, 1994;Day and Bradley, 2001;Cui et al, 2010], which simulates spontaneous rupture with a traction-at-split-node method [Dalguer and Day, 2007] and accounts for Drucker-Prager plasticity using the return-map algorithm [Roten et al, 2016]. The method has been verified against several independent finite element and finite difference codes within the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) dynamic rupture code verification project [Harris et al, 2009[Harris et al, , 2011.…”

Section: Simulation Of Dynamic Rupture With Fault Zone Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Off‐fault deformations and shallow slip deficit from dynamic rupture simulations with fault zone plasticity

Roten

Olsen

Day

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Kinematic source inversions of major (M≥7) strike‐slip earthquakes show that the slip at depth exceeds surface displacements measured in the field, and it has been suggested that this shallow slip deficit (SSD) is caused by distributed plastic deformation near the surface. We perform dynamic rupture simulations of M 7.2–7.4 earthquakes in elastoplastic media and analyze the sensitivity of SSD and off‐fault deformation (OFD) to rock quality parameters. While linear simulations clearly underpredict observed SSD and OFDs, nonlinear simulations for a moderately fractured fault damage zone predict a SSD of 44–53% and OFDs of 39–48%, consistent with the 30–60% SSD and 46 ± 10% (1σ) OFD reported for the 1992 M 7.3 Landers earthquake. Both SSD and OFDs are sensitive to the quality of the fractured rock mass inside the fault damage zone, and surface rupture is almost entirely suppressed in poor quality material.

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Section: Simulation Of Dynamic Rupture With Fault Zone Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Off‐fault deformations and shallow slip deficit from dynamic rupture simulations with fault zone plasticity

Roten

Olsen

Day

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The assumption of isotropy seems reasonable for grain-grain contacts in gravel and maybe for pervasively cracked crystalline rock in the uppermost basement, and we lack information on inelastic anisotropy beneath PS10. The S-wave Roten et al (2014Roten et al ( , 2016Roten, Olsen, Cui, & Day, 2017;Wang et al, 2019) used this rheology in three-dimensional numerical models.…”

Section: Effective Inelastic Rheology For the Near-field Velocity Pulmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Inelastic" (or "anelastic") strain from strong dynamic stresses within the flower structure dissipates energy from the near-field velocity pulse. The net effect is nonlinear attenuation (Roten et al, 2014(Roten et al, , 2016Roten, Olsen, Cui, & Day, 2017). The shaking at the surface for a given fault motion history is systematically less than it would have been had the Earth behaved elastically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Suppression of High‐Frequency S Waves by the Near‐Field Velocity Pulse With Reference to the 2002 Denali Earthquake

Sleep

Liu

2020

JGR Solid Earth

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The near-field velocity pulse of large strike-slip earthquakes brings near-fault stiff crystalline rock into failure. The uppermost~2 km beneath Pump Station 10 (PS10) likely failed nonlinearly during the 2002 Denali earthquake. High-frequency S waves traversed this region during and immediately after failure with only weak waves reaching the surface. In contrast, high-frequency S waves were briefly weak at station LUC only during the strong near-field velocity pulse of the 1992 Landers earthquake. The observed horizontal spectra during the near-field velocity pulse at PS10 decreased exponentially with frequency with a low apparently constant Q of~20. This observation is incompatible with simple elastic-plastic and nonlinear viscoelastic rheologies that do not preferentially attenuate high frequencies. Candidate rheologies involve heterogeneous crystalline rock masses where nonlinear domains act in parallel. Maxwell (spring and dash pot) elements in parallel produce apparently constant Q over a range of frequencies. This rheology may arise from pseudolinear inelastic interaction of weak stresses from high-frequency S waves with strong low-frequency stresses from the near-field velocity pulse. Alternatively, inelastic deformation associated with the high-frequency waves may interact nonlinearly with low-frequency deformation associated with healing of damage associated with the near-field velocity pulse. The latter process is attractive for the PS10 signal which remained weak after the near-field velocity pulse had passed. We unsuccessfully examined aftershock records for healing of damage within the uppermost crystalline rock.

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“…Furthermore, 2D dynamic rupture simulations [62,64] on planar dipping faults show that plastic deformation in the overriding wedge results in a distinct, more vertical seafloor uplift, which might enhance the tsunami caused by the earthquake. Incorporating off-fault plasticity is computationally challenging and would increase computational time by up to 50 % [75]. Finally, our model earthquake is breaking the megathrust quickly, probably due to the smoothness of the fault on geometric scales below 400 m. However, evaluating the effects of small-scale, fractal roughness requires increasing the fault mesh resolution considerably.…”

Section: Impact and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,43,48,49,72,75,76] allows for the simulation of various aspects of earthquake scenarios and enables researchers to answer geophysical questions complicated by the lack of sufficiently dense [79]. Middle: Unstructured tetrahedral mesh of the modeling domain, including refinement to resolve high-frequency wavepropagation and frictional failure on the fault system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme scale multi-physics simulations of the tsunamigenic 2004 sumatra megathrust earthquake

Uphoff

Rettenberger

Bäder

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis

122

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We present a high-resolution simulation of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, including non-linear frictional failure on a megathrustsplay fault system. Our method exploits unstructured meshes capturing the complicated geometries in subduction zones that are crucial to understand large earthquakes and tsunami generation. These up-to-date largest and longest dynamic rupture simulations enable analysis of dynamic source effects on the seafloor displacements.To tackle the extreme size of this scenario an end-to-end optimization of the simulation code SeisSol was necessary. We implemented a new cache-aware wave propagation scheme and optimized the dynamic rupture kernels using code generation. We established a novel clustered local-time-stepping scheme for dynamic rupture. In total, we achieved a speed-up of 13.6 compared to the previous implementation. For the Sumatra scenario with 221 million elements this reduced the time-to-solution to 13.9 hours on 86,016 Haswell cores. Furthermore, we used asynchronous output to overlap I/O and compute time.

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High-Frequency Nonlinear Earthquake Simulations on Petascale Heterogeneous Supercomputers

Cited by 45 publications

References 55 publications

Off‐fault deformations and shallow slip deficit from dynamic rupture simulations with fault zone plasticity

Off‐fault deformations and shallow slip deficit from dynamic rupture simulations with fault zone plasticity

Nonlinear Suppression of High‐Frequency S Waves by the Near‐Field Velocity Pulse With Reference to the 2002 Denali Earthquake

Extreme scale multi-physics simulations of the tsunamigenic 2004 sumatra megathrust earthquake

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