High-Frequency EPR Instrumentation

Reijerse, Edward J.

doi:10.1007/s00723-009-0070-y

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…In this way small sample quantities can be probed over a wider frequency range. Setups that offer the possibility to sweep both the magnetic field and the radiation frequency have so far mostly been realized in the high frequency region (quasi-optical, from 50 to several 100 GHz) [6][7][8], while lower frequencies have been inspected using a coupled antenna approach [9], tuneable cavities [10] or by placing the sample close to the center conductor of a coaxial line [11].In this letter we demonstrate a different approach which uses a microfabricated superconducting coplanar waveguide to generate the radio frequency (RF) field. The feasibility of such an approach was shown before by Schuster et al focusing on high-cooperativity coupling of spin ensembles to superconducting cavities [12].…”

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Broadband electron spin resonance from 500 MHz to 40 GHz using superconducting coplanar waveguides

Clauss

Bothner

Koelle

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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We present non-conventional electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments based on microfabricated superconducting Nb thin film waveguides. A very broad frequency range, from 0.5 to 40 GHz, becomes accessible at low temperatures down to 1.6 K and in magnetic fields up to 1.4 T. This allows for an accurate inspection of the ESR absorption position in the frequency domain, in contrast to the more common observation as a function of magnetic field. We demonstrate the applicability of frequency-swept ESR on Cr 3+ atoms in ruby as well as on organic radicals of the Nitronylnitroxide family. Measurements between 1.6 and 30 K reveal a small frequency shift of the ESR and a resonance broadening below the critical temperature of Nb, which we both attribute to a modification of the magnetic field configuration due to the appearance of shielding supercurrents in the waveguide.PACS numbers: 87.80. Lg, 76.30.Rn, 84.40.Az, 07.57.Pt To improve the performance of electron spin resonance (ESR) systems the main strategy was the use resonant of cavities with higher and higher fields and frequencies. As a result, most modern instrumentation can operate only at a single frequency or in an extremely narrow frequency range [1]. However, this can be a serious hindrance when a frequency-dependent effect is to be observed, as needed to probe a complete phase diagram of some material or to reliably assess the distance and orientation of spin labels. The latter problem, in particular, is increasingly important in the domain of biological ESR, as it is fundamental to understand the structural conformation and dynamics of biological systems. Until now the main strategy to overcome such problems was to measure the response of the system at a few discrete and widely-spaced frequencies [2]. Another approach is to reduce the dimension of the ESR cavities to micrometer size while at the same time somewhat relaxing the resonance requirements [3][4][5]. In this way small sample quantities can be probed over a wider frequency range. Setups that offer the possibility to sweep both the magnetic field and the radiation frequency have so far mostly been realized in the high frequency region (quasi-optical, from 50 to several 100 GHz) [6][7][8], while lower frequencies have been inspected using a coupled antenna approach [9], tuneable cavities [10] or by placing the sample close to the center conductor of a coaxial line [11].In this letter we demonstrate a different approach which uses a microfabricated superconducting coplanar waveguide to generate the radio frequency (RF) field. The feasibility of such an approach was shown before by Schuster et al. focusing on high-cooperativity coupling of spin ensembles to superconducting cavities [12]. Similar devices are also used to study ferromagnetic resonances of various materials [13][14][15][16]. Using superconducting waveguides one can obtain higher RF fields (with same input power) and no ohmic heating of the sample, as will be shown later. We show that it is possible to probe both the frequency and field d...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Broadband electron spin resonance from 500 MHz to 40 GHz using superconducting coplanar waveguides

Clauss

Bothner

Koelle

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Their CW power was reported at 12 W at 6 GHz, 1 W at 94 GHz [33] and 2.2 mW at 412 GHz [34]. These kind of generators are widely used in EPR spectroscopy, especially in the former Soviet Union where this technology was highly developed [35]. The main advantage of IMPATT diodes is their noiseperformance, which is comparable to klystrons.…”

Section: Impatt Diodementioning

confidence: 99%

The Microwave Sources for EPR Spectroscopy

Hruszowiec¹,

Nowak

Szlachetko

et al. 2017

JTIT

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Abstract-Rapid development of many scientific and technical disciplines, especially in material science and material engineering increases a demand for quick, accurate and cheap techniques of materials investigations. The EPR spectroscopy meets these requirements and it is used in many fields of science including biology, chemistry and physics. For proper work, the EPR spectrometer needs a microwave source, which are reviewed in this paper. Vacuum tubes as well as semiconductor generators are presented such as magnetron, klystron, traveling wave tube, backward wave oscillator, orotron, gyrotron, Gunn and IMPATT diodes. In this paper main advantages of gyrotron usage, such as stability and an increased spectral resolution in application to EPR spectroscopy is discussed. The most promising and reliable microwave source is suggested.

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“…High-field and high-frequency ESR measurement is one of the major trends in the ESR spectroscopy recently, because it has several advantages as compared with conventional X-band (~10 GHz) ESR system [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The advantages are high resolution of the g-value, observation of a broad line, observation of resonance with a large zerofield splitting, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of High-Field ESR System Using SQUID Magnetometer and its Application to Measurement under High Pressure

Sakurai¹,

Fujimoto²,

Okubo³

et al. 2013

Journal of Magnetics

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We have developed a high-field and high-frequency ESR system using a commercially available magnetometer equipped with the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This is magnetization detection type ESR and ESR is observed as a change of the magnetization at the resonance condition under irradiation of the electromagnetic wave. The frequency range is from 70 to 315 GHz and the maximum magnetic field is 5 T. The sensitivity is estimated to be 10 13 spins/G. The advantage of this system is that the high-field ESR measurements can be made very easily and quantitatively. Moreover, this high-field ESR can be applied to the measurements under pressure by using a widely used piston-cylinder pressure cell.

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High-Frequency EPR Instrumentation

Cited by 38 publications

References 97 publications

Broadband electron spin resonance from 500 MHz to 40 GHz using superconducting coplanar waveguides

Broadband electron spin resonance from 500 MHz to 40 GHz using superconducting coplanar waveguides

The Microwave Sources for EPR Spectroscopy

Development of High-Field ESR System Using SQUID Magnetometer and its Application to Measurement under High Pressure

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