The Microwave Sources for EPR Spectroscopy

Hruszowiec, Mariusz; Nowak, Kacper; Szlachetko, Boguslaw; Grzelczak, M. P.; Czarczynski, W.; Pliński, Edward F.; Więckowski, Tadeusz

doi:10.26636/jtit.2017.107616

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, semiconductor sources are not available for this power and frequency. With a proper control algorithm it surpasses other vacuum sources in terms of cost, life time and operating parameters [101]. The gyrotron can provide 0.5 MHz frequency and ±0.1% long-term power stability when it is supplied with the stabilization algorithm, which is a hybrid solution of PID control and the expert system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

Nowak

2022

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This paper outlines the principle of the DNP-NMR technique. The gyrotron, as a very promising microwave source for NMR spectroscopy, is evaluated. Four factors: power stability, power tuning, frequency stability, and frequency tuning determine the usability of the gyrotron device. The causes of instabilities, as well as the methods of overcoming limitations and extending usability are explained with reference to the theory, the numerical and experimental results reported by gyrotron groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

Nowak

2022

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“…Klystrons and Gunn diodes are widely used as mw sources in EPR. [9][10][11] Tuning of their output frequency can be done both manually and automatically. [9,12,13] The manual tuning is realized by varying the size of the tuning cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-noise X-band microwave source with digital automatic frequency control for electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Kang

Shi

et al. 2023

Chinese Phys. B

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We report a new design of microwave source for X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer. The microwave source is equipped with a digital automatic frequency control circuit. The parameters of the digital automatic frequency control circuit can be flexibly configured under different experimental conditions, such as the input powers or the quality factors of the resonator. The configurability makes the microwave source universally compatible and greatly extends its application. To demonstrate the ability of adapting to various experimental conditions, the microwave source is tested by varying input powers and the quality factors of the resonator. A satisfactory phase noise as low as -135 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset from the center frequency is achieved, due to the use of a phase-locked dielectric resonator oscillator and a direct digital synthesizer. Continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance experiments are conducted to examine the performance of the microwave source. The outstanding performance shows a prospect of wide applications of the microwave source in numerous fields of science.

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“…Electronic methods mainly include vacuum electronics and solid-state electronics. Based on vacuum electronics, a THz signal can be generated with a pulse power up to the kilowatt level, but their large size and high production and maintenance costs limit their application [ 9 , 10 ]. Solid-state electronics have become mainstream in the generation of terahertz signals due to their small vacuum, low cost, and operation at room temperature [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Power 170 GHz in-Phase Power-Combing Frequency Doubler Based on Schottky Diodes

et al. 2023

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In this paper, a high-power 170 GHz frequency doubler based on a Schottky diode is proposed using an in-phase power-combining structure. Unlike a conventional power-combining frequency doubler, the proposed frequency doubler utilizes the combination of a T-junction power divider and two bend waveguides to eliminate the phase difference between the two output ports of the T-junction power divider, so as to achieve in-phase power combining with a concise structure. The frequency doubler was fabricated on a 50 μm thick AlN high-thermal-conductivity substrate to reduce the impact of the thermal effect on the performance. The measured results show that the doubler exhibits a conversion efficiency of 11–31.3% in the 165–180 GHz band under 350–400 mW of input power, and a 118 mW peak output power with a 31.3% efficiency was measured at 174 GHz `when the input power was 376 mW. A good agreement was achieved between the simulation results and the measured performance of the doubler, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed in-phase power-combining structure.

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The Microwave Sources for EPR Spectroscopy

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

A low-noise X-band microwave source with digital automatic frequency control for electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

A High-Power 170 GHz in-Phase Power-Combing Frequency Doubler Based on Schottky Diodes

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