High frequency and molecular characterization of porcine hemotrophic mycoplasmas in Brazil

Gatto, Igor Renan Honorato; Sonálio, Karina; Amaral, Renan Bressianini do; Morés, N.; Costa, O. A. Dalla; André, Marcos Rogério; Oliveira, Luís Guilherme de

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.024

Cited by 18 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Moreover, most animals (68.51%) showed an increase in PH SQ values (copies/μL) from d0 to d105, while 120 animals (37.73%) became positive after d0. These results agreed with previous studies, in which higher occurrence has been observed in older animals [ 4 , 7 , 30 ]. Accordingly, a study conducted in Germany [ 32 ] reported a PH occurrence of 31.25% in sows and 14.35% in piglets, suggesting that animals tend to become infected throughout the life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The phylogenetic tree based on the 23S rDNA gene of hemoplasmas showed the occurrence of both M. suis and M. parvum in the studied herd. The concomitant presence of both PH has been previously reported in sows from southern Brazil [ 30 ]. When comparing M. suis strain Illinois to M. parvum strain Indiana, bacteremia levels, at the peak, were one log lower for M. parvum than M. suis [ 8 ] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Therefore, a reduction in productive and reproductive performance and the predisposition of PH-infected pigs to secondary infections, may lead to financial losses in pig production [ 4 ]. Besides, it has been argued that pigs submitted to chronic challenges are prone to present a decrease in feed consumption and feed conversion rates [ 30 ]. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, these effects have not been assessed in hemoplasmas-infected pigs yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porcine hemothropic mycoplasmas infection associated with productive impact in intensive pig production

et al. 2020

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Background So far, three porcine hemoplasmas (PH) have been identified, namely Mycoplasma suis, Mycoplasma parvum, and Mycoplasma haemosuis. The first one is the main agent associated with porcine hemoplasmosis, a possible cause of economic losses in pig production. Thus, this work aimed to detect and quantify PH 16S rRNA in finishing pigs and to associate its load estimate with average daily weight gain (ADWG). For this purpose, whole blood samples from 318 pigs were collected at an age of 75 days (d0) when the pigs entered the finishing phase and 105 days later (d105). To calculate ADWG, the animals were weighed at the abovementioned dates. Then, DNA from blood samples were submitted to a qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene for PH. Spearman correlation test was performed to investigate potential associations between ADWG and the quantification values. Lastly, the molecular characterization of PH was done by sequencing the 23S rDNA gene. Results Out of the 318 samples, 190 (59.74%) were positive on d0, and 304 (95.6%) were positive on d105. A significant correlation was observed (p < 0.05), albeit with a low coefficient value (0.18), when comparing ADWG with quantification values on d105. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 23S rDNA gene showed that four sequences were closely related to M. parvum, and one sequence was positioned in the M. suis cluster. Conclusion Two PH, M. suis and M. parvum, were detected in a Brazilian pig farm. Moreover, increasing occurrence through time was observed, which may have affected the productive performance of positive animals, mainly at the end of the finishing phase, when antimicrobials are removed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porcine hemothropic mycoplasmas infection associated with productive impact in intensive pig production

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“…In China, Fu et al (2017) found PH prevalence of 42.4% and 70.9% prevalence in growing pigs and sows, respectively. In Brazil, Gatto et al (2019) detected prevalence even higher (79.72%) in sows. On the other hand, our results…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Genetic diversity of emerging hemotropic mycoplasmas in domestic pigs from Brazil

Sonálio

Perles

Gatto

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Mycoplasma suis and Mycoplasma parvum bind strongly to erythrocytes and may cause clinical hemoplasmosis in swine, affecting several age groups. Mycoplasma spp. infected animals may be asymptomatic carriers and/or show nonspecific clinical signs.In Brazil, information on genetic diversity associated with porcine hemoplasmas (PH) has not been described yet. Therefore, this study has aimed to detect, quantify and characterize the genetic diversity of PH in finishing pigs from technified farms in the state of Goiás, central-western Brazil. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-blood samples from 450 swine belonging to 30 different farms from Goiás state were collected at the slaughterhouse. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays were performed for the molecular detection and quantification of PH 16S rRNA gene fragments. Cloning and sequencing of 16S and 23S rRNA amplicons were performed to evaluate the genetic diversity. Moreover, a questionnaire was applied to each farm manager to obtain epidemiological information about the herd. The results on qPCR showed herd occurrence of 68.89% for PH. Quantification values (starting quantity [SQ]) ranged from 8.43 × 10 −1 to 4.69 × 10 6 copies/µl, and 52.71% of the samples presented SQ values equal or lower than 1 × 10 3 copies/µl. Risk factors were not evaluated once all farms had at least one positive animal. However, Spearman's coefficient test revealed that the occurrence of PH was inversely associated with the number of farrows per week, weaned piglets per week, and weight at slaughter. Phylogenetic analysis based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods showed that the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene sequences obtained from five samples formed a single cluster closely related to M. parvum. Genotype analysis using DNASP software confirmed seven and four different 16S and 23S rRNA genotypes among the cloned amplicons, indicating that there are several genotypes of M. parvum circulating in individual pigs and among pig farms in central-western Brazil. K E Y W O R D S emerging disease, genotypes, intensive pig farming, Mycoplasma parvum, Mycoplasma suis, porcine hemoplasmas | 1163 SONALIO et AL. | INTRODUC TI ONHemotropic mycoplasmas (HMs) are known for infecting several mammal species, including wild and domestic pigs. Three hemoplasmas have been described in swine, namely Mycoplasma suis (Kinsley, 1932), Mycoplasma parvum (Splitter, 1950) and 'Candidatus M. haemosuis ' (Fu et al., 2017). The above-mentioned HMs induce red blood cells (RBCs) to undergo programmed cell death, also known as eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, activation of proteases and phosphatidylserine exposure on the outer membrane leading to recognition by macrophages and, therefore, phagocytosis (Felder

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“…• Blood was collected from 1,930 (64) and 591 (18) dairy cows (farms) in Wisconsin and Michigan • >70% of sampled cows and ≥5 cows in all herds tested positive for Mycoplasma wenyonii or Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos • All Michigan and >83% of Wisconsin herds had ≥1 cow test positive for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) • Overall prevalence of BLV antibodies was ~40% • Exposure to these organisms was widespread and the effect of infections on animal health and productivity is unknown H emotrophic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) lack a cell wall and have a tropism for mammalian red blood cells. They have been found in many species, including dogs and cats (Messick, 2003), swine (Gatto et al, 2019), small ruminants (Aktas and Ozubek, 2017), reindeer (Stoffregen et al, 2006) and cattle (Strugnell and McAuliffe, 2012;de Mello et al, 2019). Hemoplasma infections have been found in healthy animals as well as being associated with a range of clinical signs, including chronic subclinical to life-threatening hemolytic anemia (Genova et al, 2011;McFadden et al, 2016), production loss (Tagawa et al, 2013), and infertility (Montes et al, 1994), depending on the species of hemoplasma and immune state of the individual (Strugnell and McAuliffe, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Apparent prevalence of Mycoplasma wenyonii, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, and bovine leukemia virus in Wisconsin and Michigan dairy cattle herds

Schambow

Poulsen²,

Bolin

et al. 2021

JDS Communications

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Mycoplasma wenyonii and a related organism, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, have been detected in both ill and apparently healthy cattle, but little is known about their prevalence in US dairy cattle. Blood samples were collected from 1,930 dairy cows on 64 Wisconsin farms and 591 dairy cows in 18 Michigan dairy farms. Samples were tested for Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos using whole-blood PCR, and were tested for serum antibodies to bovine leukemia virus using ELISA. This is the first report of the prevalence of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in Wisconsin and Michigan dairy herds and indicates that infection with these organisms is endemic.

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High frequency and molecular characterization of porcine hemotrophic mycoplasmas in Brazil

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Porcine hemothropic mycoplasmas infection associated with productive impact in intensive pig production

Porcine hemothropic mycoplasmas infection associated with productive impact in intensive pig production

Genetic diversity of emerging hemotropic mycoplasmas in domestic pigs from Brazil

Apparent prevalence of Mycoplasma wenyonii, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, and bovine leukemia virus in Wisconsin and Michigan dairy cattle herds

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