High-Fat Meals Do Not Impair Postprandial Endothelial Function in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men

Abstract

Prior studies have demonstrated impaired endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in healthy subjects following a high-fat meal. Compared to uninfected individuals, HIV-infected persons have been shown to have impaired FMD. We examined the effect of two different high-fat meals on endothelial function in HIVinfected and uninfected men. We performed a randomized, parallel group crossover study comparing 47 white men [18 HIV-uninfected, 9 HIV-infected and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve, and 20 HIV-infected men on ART]. Fasting participants consumed one of two randomly assigned high-fat meals of either saturated or polyunsaturated fat, followed at least 24 h later by the other meal. Brachial artery ultrasound measurements to assess vascular reactivity were performed before and 3 h after each dietary challenge.

Effects of a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines on vascular health and TMAO in women with cardiometabolic risk factors

“…Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is suspected to impair endothelial function [ 55 , 56 ]. In fact, postprandial state lipemia-induced endothelial dysfunction is being increasingly investigated particularly after a high fat or mixed meal [ 57 , 58 ], and can be uniquely qualified to provide insight into metabolic disease risk [ 59 ]. In the current study, at wk0 and wk8, the meals given to the participants on the same day as PAT measurements were matched.…”

A Systematic Review of the Impact of Fat Quantity and Fatty Acid Composition on Postprandial Vascular Function in Healthy Adults and Patients at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

“…In total, 15 studies were included that analyzed the impact of FA composition on vascular function ( Tables 5 – 7 ). Seven were performed in healthy adults [ [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] ] and 6 in adults with CVD risk factors [ [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] ]. The remaining 2 studies [ 62 , 63 ] included both healthy adults and adults with increased CVD risk.…”

“…[ 55 ] only measured AIx (%). Most studies supplied data on FMD (%) but not AIx (%) or PWV (m/s) [ [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] ]. In many papers, the meals consisted of a shake or drink (e.g., a chocolate drink), either entirely [ 50 , 60 ] or partially [ 49 , 51 , 55 , [57] , [58] , [59] ].…”

“…[ 52 ] Crossover Randomized Single-blind (observer) 32 ± 11 y 24 ± 5 kg/m 2 n = 24 (10 M, 14 F) Beef burger meal 211 g beef burger 152 g French fries 20 mL Ketchup 500 mL soft drink Beef burger meal 1245 Beef burger meal 49 g fat 33 g protein 158 g CHO Beef burger meal Burger French fries Beef burger meal 13.1 g SFA 7.8 g trans FA FMD (%) Ultrasound, brachial artery (0, 2, 4 h) All meals: significant decrease in FMD from baseline over time (time effect P < 0.001); no significant differences between meals (no significant meal type effect) Vegetarian burger meal 1 203 g vegetarian burger 152 g French fries 20 mL ketchup 500 mL soft drink Vegetarian burger meal 1 1216 Vegetarian burger meal 1 49 g fat 17 g protein 167 g CHO Vegetarian burger meal 1 Burger French fries Vegetarian burger meal 1 5.0 g SFA 6.9 g trans FA Vegetarian burger meal 2 203 g vegetarian burger 90 g salad 30 mL dressing 306 g yogurt (fruit) 500 mL orange juice Vegetarian burger meal 2 1057 Vegetarian burger meal 2 31 g fat 25 g protein 161 g CHO Vegetarian burger meal 2 Burger Dressing Yogurt Vegetarian burger meal 2 4.0 g SFA 0.3 g trans FA Volpe et al. [ 54 ] Crossover 4 Randomized Single-blind (observer) 40 ± 11 y 26 ± 4 kg/m 2 n = 18 (18 M, 0 F) SFA-rich meal 3 ounces of bacon 1 slice of processed cheese 2 servings of egg substitute 5 large black olives 1 bagel 1.3 tbsp yogurt-based margarine 0.75 cup canned pears in water 8 oz milk (1% fat) Both meals 700 SFA-rich meal 29 g fat 43 g protein 65 g CHO SFA-rich meal Various foods (SFA-rich) SFA-rich meal 10 g SFA FMD (%) Ultrasound, brachial artery (0, 3 h) Both meals: no significant postprandial changes in FMD PUFA-rich mea...…”

“…The literature search revealed 7 studies investigating the impact of FA composition on FMD (%) in healthy adults [ 49 , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , 62 , 63 ] ( TABLE 5 , TABLE 7 ). Of these, 3 found that a HFM led to a decrease in FMD (%) from baseline, while another meal, enriched with a different vegetable fat source, had no influence on postprandial FMD (%) [ 49 , 51 , 62 ].…”