High-fat diets affect energy and bone metabolism in growing rats

Macri, Elisa Vanesa; Chaves, M.M. Gonzales; Rodríguez, Pablo Esteban; Mandalunis, Patricia; Zeni, Susana Noemí; Lifshitz, Fima; Friedman, Sílvia

doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0223-2

Cited by 39 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The flaxseed group had greater BMD and BMC, as well as improved markers of biomechanical strength such as higher peak load at the femur midpoint. However, another study that utilized a 20% fat diet from flaxseed oil, rich in ALA, did not show any effect on BMD, BMC or biomechanical strength in growing male rats from 3-11 weeks of age, relative to corn oil fed rats [25]. Overall, due to the limited number of studies showing a weak or absent effect of ALA, it is not possible yet to conclude a definitive role for ALA in bone health.…”

Section: Ala Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In addition to studies demonstrating that changes in dietary fatty acid composition are reflected in bone tissue, studies have examined the effects of ALA alone on bone development, which have yielded mixed results [17,20,21,[23][24][25]42] (Table 2). Thirty-week-old female rats exposed to flaxseed oil or soybean oil from the last ten days of gestation to three weeks postnatal had greater BMD at the femur mid-diaphysis than their littermates fed sunflower seed oil [20].…”

Section: Ala Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Bone Development Using Animal Models

et al. 2013

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Incorporating n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet may promote the development of a healthy skeleton and thereby reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis in later life. Studies using developing animal models suggest lowering dietary n-6 PUFA and increasing n-3 PUFA intakes, especially long chain n-3 PUFA, may be beneficial for achieving higher bone mineral content, density and stronger bones. To date, the evidence regarding the effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) remain equivocal, in contrast to evidence from the longer chain products, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This review reports the results of investigations into n-3 PUFA supplementation on bone fatty acid composition, strength and mineral content in developing animal models as well as the mechanistic relationships of PUFA and bone, and identifies critical areas for future research. Overall, this review supports a probable role for essential (ALA) and long chain (EPA and DHA) n-3 PUFA for bone health. Understanding the role of PUFA in optimizing bone health may lead to dietary strategies that promote bone development and maintenance of a healthy skeleton.

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Section: Ala Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Ala Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Bone Development Using Animal Models

et al. 2013

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“…Moreover, at the end of the experiment, the mice in the HFD group were associated with decreased stiffness and maximum force, indicating an effect on the flexural strength of femurs, which suggested that HFD not only affected bone quantity, but also bone quality [1]. Macri et al [2] found that rats that consumed a high-saturated fatty acid diet (beef tallow) for eight weeks had the lowest total skeleton bone mineral content (BMC) and cancellous bone mineral density (spine BMD) compared with rats that consumed other types of vegetable oils. The bone mineral changes in rats might be involved in intestinal soap formation with calcium, which impaired absorption.…”

Section: Studies In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat, Sugar, and Bone Health: A Complex Relationship

Tian

2017

Nutrients

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With people aging, osteoporosis is expected to increase notably. Nutritional status is a relatively easily-modified risk factor, associated with many chronic diseases, and is involved in obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease (CHD), along with osteoporosis. Nutrients, such as fats, sugars, and proteins, play a primary function in bone metabolism and maintaining bone health. In Western nations, diets are generally high in saturated fats, however, currently, the nutritional patterns dominating in China continue to be high in carbohydrates from starch, cereals, and sugars. Moreover, high fat or high sugar (fructose, glucose, or sucrose) impart a significant impact on bone structural integrity. Due to diet being modifiable, demonstrating the effects of nutrition on bone health can provide an approach for osteoporosis prevention. Most researchers have reported that a high-fat diet consumption is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and, as bone strength diminishes, adverse microstructure changes occur in the cancellous bone compartment, which is involved with lipid metabolism modulation disorder and the alteration of the bone marrow environment, along with an increased inflammatory environment. Some studies, however, demonstrated that a high-fat diet contributes to achieving peak bone mass, along with microstructure, at a younger age. Contrary to these results, others have shown that a high-fructose diet consumption leads to stronger bones with a superior microarchitecture than those with the intake of a high-glucose diet and, at the same time, research indicated that a high-fat diet usually deteriorates cancellous bone parameters, and that the incorporation of fructose into a high-fat diet did not aggravate bone mass loss. High-fat/high-sucrose diets have shown both beneficial and detrimental influences on bone metabolism. Combined, these studies showed that nutrition exerts different effects on bone health. Thus, a better understanding of the regulation between dietary nutrition and bone health might provide a basis for the development of strategies to improve bone health by modifying nutritional components.

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“…A moderately high fat ad libitum feeding also results in changes of the duodenal oxidation state that lowers Ca absorption in mice [5]. In addition, studies suggest that HFD that are typically rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), negatively affect bone mineral density (BMD) during growth in rat studies [6]. This is supported by observational studies in adult humans showing that a high fat intake is negatively associated with BMD [7, 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High fat diet enriched with saturated, but not monounsaturated fatty acids adversely affects femur, and both diets increase calcium absorption in older female mice

et al. 2016

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Diet induced obesity has been shown to reduce bone mineral density (BMD) and Ca absorption. However, previous experiments have not examined the effect of high fat diet (HFD) in the absence of obesity or addressed the type of dietary fatty acids. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of different types of high fat feeding, without obesity, on fractional calcium absorption (FCA) and bone health. It was hypothesized that dietary fat would increase FCA and reduce BMD. Mature 8-month-old female C57BL/6J mice were fed one of three diets: a HFD (45% fat) enriched either with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or with saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and a normal fat diet (NFD; 10% fat). Food consumption was controlled to achieve a similar body weight gain in all groups. After 8wk, total body bone mineral content and BMD as well as femur total and cortical volumetric BMD were lower in SFA compared with NFD groups (P < 0.05). In contrast, femoral trabecular bone was not affected by the SFAs, whereas MUFAs increased trabecular volume fraction and thickness. The rise over time in FCA was greater in mice fed HFD than NFD and final FCA was higher with HFD (P < 0.05). Intestinal calbindin-D9k gene and hepatic cytochrome P450 2r1 protein levels were higher with the MUFA than the NFD diet (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HFDs elevated FCA overtime; however, an adverse effect of HFD on bone was only observed in the SFA group, while MUFAs show neutral or beneficial effects.

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High-fat diets affect energy and bone metabolism in growing rats

Abstract: BT diet rich in saturated fatty acids had decreased digestibility and adversely affected energy and bone metabolisms, in growing healthy male rats. There were no changes in zoometric and bone parameters among rats fed high vegetable oil diets.

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Investigating the Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Bone Development Using Animal Models

Investigating the Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Bone Development Using Animal Models

Fat, Sugar, and Bone Health: A Complex Relationship

High fat diet enriched with saturated, but not monounsaturated fatty acids adversely affects femur, and both diets increase calcium absorption in older female mice

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