High fat diet and associated changes in the expression of micro‐RNAs in tissue: Lessons learned from animal studies

Abstract

Environment and genetic factors play an important role in the development of obesity, and diet is one of the main contributing factors to this disease. High fat intake is associated with body weight gain, leading to obesity and other metabolic diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small, noncoding RNAs that are important regulators of gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Studies have shown that high fat intake, independent of body weight status, can significantly impact both negatively and positively the expression of miRNAs and thus the biological function of tissues such as adipose, skeletal, and cardiac muscle, liver, neuronal, and endothelial. This review will summarize the effects of high calorie diet in the form of high fat intake on miRNA expression in various tissues of animal models and of high fat fed offspring. We will also briefly review the impact of different dietary lipids on miRNA expression. Given changes in miRNA expression have been associated with the development of many diseases including obesity, understanding their biological role could have important clinical implications and offer tangible therapeutic targets for the prevention, management, and/or treatment of obesity and other lifestyle-related disorders.

Anthocyanins from Purple Corn Ameliorated Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α‐Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes via Activation of Insulin Signaling and Enhanced GLUT4 Translocation

“…Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue that increases the risk of non‐transmissible diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular events, and certain types of cancer . In an obese condition, it is desirable to reduce adipocyte differentiation rate in order to reduce fat accumulation.…”

“…Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue that increases the risk of non-transmissible diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular events, and certain types of cancer. [22,23] In an obese condition, it is desirable to reduce adipocyte differentiation rate in order to reduce fat accumulation. For the first time, the effects of a well-characterized anthocyaninrich extract from purple corn in 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation was evaluated in comparison to pure anthocyanins.…”

Customized Dietary Intervention Avoids Unintentional Weight Loss and Modulates Circulating miRNAs Footprint in Huntington's Disease

“…An observational study showed that adequate dietary intake prevents against UWL, although it is not associated with better functional state . In this regard and considering the need to initiate a prospective nutritional intervention study in symptomatic patients, a customized HD‐diet was designed to determine whether proper feeding is capable of preventing UWL associated with the disease, modifying the miRNAs HD‐footprint and inducing an improvement in neurological parameters.…”

Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on the Expression Profile of miRNAs in Porcine Adipose Tissue

“…Feeding with an obesogenic diet will alter the expression of specific miRNAs related to lipid metabolism. For example, the expression of miRNA-122 was decreased by a high-cholesterol diet in minipigs; miR-143 expression was significantly increased on the high fat diet [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. In addition, miR-143 expression levels were correlated with PPARγ and aP2, genes which regulate adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism.…”