High effortful control is associated with reduced emotional expressiveness in young children

Childhood antecedents of Agreeableness: A longitudinal study from preschool to late adolescence

“…Our second hypothesis, that emotional and behavioral regulation in late childhood would mediate the difficultness-agreeableness path was supported in that both temperamental reactivity and social self-control skills were found to account for the childhood difficultnessadolescence agreeableness link. These results are in line with previous research linking selfcontrol mechanisms with emotion regulation and emotion expressivity (e.g., Kochanska et al, 2000;Vroman & Durbin, 2015). They are also supporting previous findings demonstrating concurrent as well as predictive associations between regulation and agreeableness (Laursen et al, 2002;Sneed, 2002).…”

Developmental patterning of irritability enhances prediction of psychopathology in preadolescence: Improving RDoC with developmental science.

“…This pattern of irritability over development illuminates a complex and changing relationship between irritability and psychopathology over development (Wakschlag et al, 2015) and reflects several developmental possibilities. First, it is possible that there is a suppressor effect of irritability in early-school-age development reflecting shared variance with other relevant clinical dimensions, for example, effortful control (Krus & Wilkinson, 1986; Vroman & Durbin, 2015; Wakschlag, Henry, et al, 2012). Second, the irritability items may reflect different behaviors at different time points because contexts and expectations shift across development.…”

“…Early childhood is a crucial period for the development of emotional regulation. Indeed, during the preschool period, self-regulatory capacities, such as effortful control, are evolving (Vroman & Durbin, 2015) and have been shown to predict later psychopathology (Deveney et al, 2019; Grabell et al, 2018; Kessel et al, 2016; Wakschlag et al, 2018). This is also an important period for the development of basic self-control, evident in verbal negotiation, delay of gratification, frustration tolerance, and behavioral flexibility (Wakschlag et al, 2005), which may reflect underlying neurodevelopment.…”