High-efficiency γ-ray-detection systems for radionuclide metrology

Ballaux, C.

doi:10.1016/0020-708x(83)90268-5

Cited by 32 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…High-efficiency photon detection systems, such as a large well-type NaI(Tl) detector, are commonly applied for 4πγ counting [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. Alternative set-ups may consist of two NaI(Tl) detectors sandwiching a source, or also a CsI(Tl) sandwich spectrometer, as discussed below.…”

Section: πγ Countingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for primary standardization of activity

Pommé

2007

Metrologia

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Section: πγ Countingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for primary standardization of activity

Pommé

2007

Metrologia

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“…The calculated detection efficiency is equal to 1.552 (5). The uncertainty was estimated by variation of the decay scheme parameters using a MC calculation for the propagation of individual uncertainties.…”

Section: S106mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 4πγ-counting technique was briefly mentioned [2] as a highgeometry method that aims at detecting each decay of a radionuclide through its photon emissions. The basic concepts and advantages of 4πγ counting were described in more detail by several authors involved in the development and application of this technique [3][4][5][6]. The method takes advantage of the summing effects occurring in a gamma detector with almost 4π sr geometrical efficiency when a radionuclide decays through coincident photon cascades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the uncertainty budget associated with 4πγcounting

et al. 2015

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The 4πγ-counting technique is recognized as a powerful primary method for the standardization of radionuclides decaying with abundant gamma emissions. Based on the use of a gamma detector in quasi 4π-geometry, a detection efficiency close to 100% and a low uncertainty can be achieved thanks to the summing effect of subsequent gamma transitions. Uncertainties have to be assigned to the realistic modelling of the source-detector geometry with respect to dimensions, density and material composition, the calculation of the total counting efficiency of the detector for the various emitted radiation, and the effect of possible flaws in the decay scheme of a radionuclide on the calculated total efficiency. Other uncertainty factors pertain to typical metrological sources of uncertainty, such as weighing, nuclear counting with pulse pile-up and system dead-time effects, impurity corrections, decay corrections, timing and frequency, etc. In order to ensure good metrological practices at NMIs, the uncertainties particular to the method are discussed.

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“…Si(Li) are essentially used to detect low energy photons [26]. Several methods can be applied to determine the activity of a γ -emitting radioactive source, among them the sum-peak method described in a series of papers [27][28][29][30], the integral method using a low threshold above which all pulses are registered regardless of amplitude [31], counting under defined geometries (defined solid-angle counting), which are appropriate to detect photons of energy below 80 keV, and 4π high-efficiency γ -counting based on a large well-type NaI(Tl)-detector [32][33][34]. If knowledge of the spectrum of the measured radiation is not necessary, or for mono-energetic γ -ray emitters, the activity of a radioactive source can be simply obtained by means of a detector wellcalibrated in energy.…”

Section: Determination Of the Activity Of A γ -Emittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertaintyvade-mecumin radioactivity measurement

Ratel¹

2007

Metrologia

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This article reviews the tools available to assign realistic uncertainties in the field of radioactivity measurements following the prescriptions of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. A presentation of different distributions that can be encountered in the analysis of radioactivity measurements is listed, and explained using simple but pertinent examples. Two different methods, a simplified coincidence method and γ counting, are considered, for each of which a detailed uncertainty budget is given. This leads into the characteristics function and the law of propagation of errors that can be used in the evaluation of the total uncertainty. The treatment of correlations, which occur when using the same set of sources and the same decay period for both methods, is also detailed.Subsequently, the analysis of the results of a comparison of activity measurements made by various national laboratories is presented with special care regarding the treatment of correlations that may arise.Finally, the paper also deals with the KCRV determination and the evaluation of degrees of equivalence between laboratories in the general case where the results of BIPM, CCRI and RMO comparisons are linked together. In this case too, as far as is practical, a method to treat correlations is described.While the illustrations in this paper are focused on radioactivity measurements, most of the material presented can, when appropriate, be used in other domains of metrology.

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High-efficiency γ-ray-detection systems for radionuclide metrology

Cited by 32 publications

References 49 publications

Methods for primary standardization of activity

Methods for primary standardization of activity

Assessment of the uncertainty budget associated with 4πγcounting

Uncertaintyvade-mecumin radioactivity measurement

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