High-efficiency two lens laser diode to single-mode fiber coupler with a silicon plano convex lens

Karstensen, H.; Frankenberger, R.

doi:10.1109/50.17762

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The challenges in coupling light into an optical fiber mostly arises from the complicity of the beam characteristics and the fiber core dimension [7], which can be very small. Ball lenses and plano-convex micro-lenses have been developed and applied in coupling light into single-mode optical fiber to enhance the coupling efficiency [8,21,37,43]. Different shapes of lens can be employed to achieve better coupling efficiency [28,31,41].…”

Section: Coupling Light Into An Optical Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Choosing a Better Delay Line Medium between Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Optical Fibers: the Effect of Bending

Imam

Isiyaku

Isah

et al. 2017

PoS

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Abstract. Optical fiber cables are materials whose core is made of silica and other materials such as chalcogenide glasses; they transmit a digital signal via light pulses through an extremely thin strand of glass. The light propagates and is being guided by the core which is surrounded by the cladding. Light travels in the optical fiber in the form of total internal reflection in the core of the fibers. The flexibility, low tensile strength, low signal loss, high bandwidth and other characteristics of optical fibers favors it for use as a delay medium in many applications. Another favorable characteristic of optical fiber delay lines is are their relative insensitivities to environmental effects and electromagnetic interferences. The immunity of optical fibers to interferences and their less weight added advantages to it for use as delay medium. Single-mode and multi-mode are the two most popular types of optical fibers. Single-mode fibers have good propagation and delay properties with a minimal loss that allows the signal to propagate in a large distance with insignificant distortion or attenuation. The percentage of power transmission of single-mode fibers is found to be higher than that of the multi-mode fibers. It is, therefore, a preferred type for use as a delay line. In this paper, relative studies of the two optical fibers modes, and the results of power input/output measurement of the two modes are presented with a view to coming up with a better type for use as a delay medium.

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Section: Coupling Light Into An Optical Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Choosing a Better Delay Line Medium between Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Optical Fibers: the Effect of Bending

Imam

Isiyaku

Isah

et al. 2017

PoS

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“…It is well known that the aberrations of spherical ball lenses decrease with increasing refractive index of the lens material. 1 Spherical shaping guarantees low aberrations for simple plano-convex silicon lenses in optimized arrangements. A common method for the generation of microlenses is to transfer a photoresist surface relief into the underlying substrate by reactive ion etching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technique for monolithic fabrication of silicon microlenses with selectable rim angles

Erdmann

Efferenn

1997

Opt. Eng

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Spherical microlenses are fabricated in a modified melting technology. Resist cylinders are patterned by photolithography and subsequently dissolved in a controlled solvent atmosphere. This technique enables the fabrication of spherical resist microlenses of selectable rim angles in the range from 1 to 30 deg. Photoresist microlenses with a focal length of 20 mm, a diameter of 1 mm and a good sphericity are realized. The photoresist lenses are transferred into the silicon substrate through reactive ion etching. Within the inner 80% of the lens diameter, the deviation of the silicon lenses from a sphere amounts to less than /20 at ϭ1.55 m. The resist and silicon lenses are characterized by mechanical and interferometric methods. This technology is compared with the well established melting technique. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(97)

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“…Karstensen et al [1,2,3] investigated the performance of the ball lenses using primarily Gaussian Optics including the effect of the spherical aberration. Karstensen et al [1,2,3] investigated the performance of the ball lenses using primarily Gaussian Optics including the effect of the spherical aberration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Micro-size ball lenses for micro-optics: theory and experiment</title>

et al. 1996

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Two modeling approaches for analyzing micro-size ball lenses will be described. Due to the low divergence angle of the light coming out of a single mode fiber (SMF), a Gaussian Optics analysis, integrated with ray tracing, is needed to design the optical subsystems such as fiber collimators. On the other hand, due to the large divergence angle of the light coming out of the laser diode (LD), an exact solution of Maxwell's equation which can be obtained by spherical harmonic expansion, is needed in order to predict the coupling efficiency from a LD to a SMF accurately. These models were applied to the cases of forward coupling and back reflections with various arrangements of the optical elements. Excellent agreement was found between the predictions of these two models and the experimental results. These models are very important for assemblies using micro-machined microoptical parts since they have little or no allowance for alignment adjustments.

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High-efficiency two lens laser diode to single-mode fiber coupler with a silicon plano convex lens

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Choosing a Better Delay Line Medium between Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Optical Fibers: the Effect of Bending

Choosing a Better Delay Line Medium between Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Optical Fibers: the Effect of Bending

Technique for monolithic fabrication of silicon microlenses with selectable rim angles

<title>Micro-size ball lenses for micro-optics: theory and experiment</title>

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