High efficiency thin-film CuIn1−xGaxSe2 photovoltaic cells using a Cd1−xZnxS buffer layer

Bhattacharya, R. N.; Contreras, Miguel Á.; Egaas, Brian; Noufi, R.; Kanevce, Ana; Sites, James R.

doi:10.1063/1.2410230

Cited by 96 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[ 71 ] A similar effect has been also reported with other layers such as Cd x Zn 1-x S, ZnS, ZnSe, In 2 S 3 , or CdSe. [ 11,26,71,72 ] More recently, the deposition of conformal overlayers of TiO 2 has also proven to be benefi cial for the performance of chalcopyrite-based photocathodes. These studies suggest that TiO 2 operates as a robust protective layer preventing the direct contact of the chalcopyrite/CdS with the electrolyte.…”

Section: Overlayersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bottom‐Up Approach toward All‐Solution‐Processed High‐Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)S₂ Photocathodes for Solar Water Splitting

Guijarro

Prévot

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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The development of solution‐processable routes to prepare efficient photoelectrodes for water splitting is highly desirable to reduce manufacturing costs. Recently, sulfide chalcopyrites (Cu(In,Ga)S2) have attracted attention as photocathodes for hydrogen evolution owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and their band gap—wider than their selenide counterparts—which can potentially increase the attainable photovoltage. A straightforward and all‐solution‐processable approach for the fabrication of highly efficient photocathodes based on Cu(In,Ga)S2 is reported for the first time. It is demonstrated that semiconductor nanocrystals can be successfully employed as building blocks to prepare phase‐pure microcrystalline thin films by incorporating different additives (Sb, Bi, Mg) that promote the coalescence of the nanocrystals during annealing. Importantly, the grain size is directly correlated to improved charge transport for Sb and Bi additives, but it is shown that secondary effects can be detrimental to performance even with large grains (for Mg). For optimized electrodes, the sequential deposition of thin layers of n‐type CdS and TiO2 by solution‐based methods, and platinum as an electrocatalyst, leads to stable photocurrents saturating at 8.0 mA cm–2 and onsetting at ≈0.6 V versus RHE under AM 1.5G illumination for CuInS2 films. Electrodes prepared by our method rival the state‐of‐the‐art performance for these materials.

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Section: Overlayersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bottom‐Up Approach toward All‐Solution‐Processed High‐Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)S₂ Photocathodes for Solar Water Splitting

Guijarro

Prévot

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…Diode quality factors are below 1.5, and series resistances below 0.5 V cm 2 . Low injection lifetimes measured by time-resolved photoluminescence are greater than 100 ns [13] carrier densities measure around 2 Â 10 16 cm À3 by capacitance-voltage, with zerobias depletion widths less than 0.5 mm [14] Photoluminescence mapping shows relatively low non-radiative loss at grain boundarie [2].…”

Section: High-efficiency Cigs Devices From Nrelmentioning

confidence: 99%

CIGS absorbers and processes

Niki¹,

Contreras²,

Repins³

et al. 2010

Progress in Photovoltaics

415

232

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The current status and future perspectives of Cu(In 1Àx Ga x )Se 2 (CIGS) solar cells and modules will be discussed in this paper. The conversion efficiencies of the state of the art laboratory-scale CIGS solar cells exceeded 20%, which are comparable to those of crystalline Si solar cells. The requirements on the properties of CIGS absorbers to achieve such high efficiencies will be described. The CIGS modules are already commercially available based on two major CIGS deposition techniques such as co-evaporation and selenization. The current status, problems, and prospects of co-evaporation and selenization will also be discussed. High-efficiency flexible CIGS solar cells with efficiencies similar to those fabricated on soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates have been achieved by developing a novel Na incorporation technique. Critical issues to demonstrate high-efficiency flexible solar cells will also be discussed.

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“…In regards of their opto-electronic functionality, ZnO is notable as a transparent conducting oxide [1], and CdS as buffer layer in thin-film solar cells [2]. Recently, alloys of group II chalcogenides are receiving increased interest as tailored functional materials, including mixed metal alloys like ZnMgO and CdZnO [3][4], CdZnS [5], as well as mixed anion systems like ZnOS [6]. Given the polymorphic nature of the II chalcogenide family, it is therefore interesting to evaluate systematically both the structure dependence of the properties and the alloy energetics, so to form a basis for establishing "design principles" as to which alloys can be formed in which structure with which properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism, band-structure, band-lineup, and alloy energetics of the group II oxides and sulfides MgO, ZnO, CdO, MgS, ZnS, CdS

Lany

2014

SPIE Proceedings

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Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie on 5/10/2018 Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use Polymorphism, band-structure, band-lineup, and alloy energetics of the group II oxides and sulfides MgO, ZnO, CdO, MgS, ZnS, CdSStephan Lany* a a National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Blvd, Golden, CO, USA 80401 ABSTRACTThe group II chalcogenides are an important class of functional semiconductor materials exhibiting a remarkable diversity in terms of structure and properties. In order to aid the materials design, a consistent set of electronic structure calculations is presented, including data on the polymorphic energy ordering, the band-structures, the band-lineups relative to the vacuum level, surface energies, as well as on the alloy energetics. To this end, current state-of-the-art electronic structure tools are employed, which, besides standard density functional theory (DFT), include totalenergy calculation in the random phase approximation and GW quasiparticle energy calculations. The ionization potentials and electron affinities are obtained by combining the results of bulk GW and surface DFT calculations. Considering both octahedral and tetrahedral coordination symmetries, exemplified by the rock-salt and zinc-blende lattices, respectively, this data reveals both the chemical and structural trends within this materials family.

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High efficiency thin-film CuIn1−xGaxSe2 photovoltaic cells using a Cd1−xZnxS buffer layer

Cited by 96 publications

References 2 publications

A Bottom‐Up Approach toward All‐Solution‐Processed High‐Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)S₂ Photocathodes for Solar Water Splitting

A Bottom‐Up Approach toward All‐Solution‐Processed High‐Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)S₂ Photocathodes for Solar Water Splitting

CIGS absorbers and processes

Polymorphism, band-structure, band-lineup, and alloy energetics of the group II oxides and sulfides MgO, ZnO, CdO, MgS, ZnS, CdS

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High efficiency thin-film CuIn1−xGaxSe2 photovoltaic cells using a Cd1−xZnxS buffer layer

Cited by 96 publications

References 2 publications

A Bottom‐Up Approach toward All‐Solution‐Processed High‐Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)S2 Photocathodes for Solar Water Splitting

A Bottom‐Up Approach toward All‐Solution‐Processed High‐Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)S2 Photocathodes for Solar Water Splitting

CIGS absorbers and processes

Polymorphism, band-structure, band-lineup, and alloy energetics of the group II oxides and sulfides MgO, ZnO, CdO, MgS, ZnS, CdS

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A Bottom‐Up Approach toward All‐Solution‐Processed High‐Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)S₂ Photocathodes for Solar Water Splitting

A Bottom‐Up Approach toward All‐Solution‐Processed High‐Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)S₂ Photocathodes for Solar Water Splitting