High-Efficiency Somatic Embryogenesis from Seedlings of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.

Abstract

Research Highlights: In the current study, we established a method for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. for the first time. Background and Objectives: K. paniculata is an important ornamental and medicinal plant in China. However, the plant has difficulty with asexual reproduction, which imposes a limitation on large-scale propagation. Materials and Methods: Embryogenic calluses were induced from stems of aseptic seedlings on induction media. The effects of different media types and concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on callus induction were examined. Embryogenic calluses were then transferred to Driver-Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) media containing NAA (0.1–0.2 mg L−1) or 2,4-D (0.5–2.0 mg L−1) to develop somatic embryos. Cotyledon embryos were cultured on DKW media containing NAA (0.1–0.2 mg L−1) until maturation, and were then transferred to 1/2 DKW medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to produce complete plants. The effects of IBA and NAA on rhizogenesis were then examined by clonal culture. Results: The maximum callus induction frequency (80.25%) was obtained on DKW medium supplemented by 0.5 mg L−1 BA, 0.25 mg L−1 NAA, and 1.5 mg L−1 2,4-D. NAA had a more pronounced effect on somatic embryo growth than did 2,4-D, with a maximum SE frequency (54.75%) observed with 0.1 mg L−1 NAA added to DKW medium. For clonal culture, the highest rooting rate (52%) was observed on 1/4 DKW medium containing 1.5 mg L−1 IBA. Histology studies confirmed the presence of embryogenic calluses and somatic embryos in different stages. Conclusions: This protocol provides a novel method for large-scale propagation of K. paniculata, and creates opportunities for genetic engineering in this species.

The Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and α-Naphthaleneacetic Acid on Biomass Increment, Rhizogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis of Suspension-cultured Dinh Lang Cells [Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms]

“…The Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and -Naphthaleneacetic Acid on Biomass Increment, Rhizogenesis and Somatic... embryogenesis, with the number of NAA-induced embryos being approximately 38 times higher than that of 2,4-Dinduced ones. This finding is similar to that observed by several authors such as Ozcan et al (1993), Ozias et al (1989 and Yang et al (2018). Specifically, Ozcan et al (1993) claimed that the number of Pisum sativum L. somatic embryos stimulated by NAA was higher than that in the medium added with 2,4-D. Ozias et al (1989) concluded that the percentage of Arachis hypogaea L. nodular outgrowths in the medium given 20 mg/L NAA (72%) was larger than in the medium supplemented with 4 mg/L 2,4-D (24%).…”

“…Specifically, Ozcan et al (1993) claimed that the number of Pisum sativum L. somatic embryos stimulated by NAA was higher than that in the medium added with 2,4-D. Ozias et al (1989) concluded that the percentage of Arachis hypogaea L. nodular outgrowths in the medium given 20 mg/L NAA (72%) was larger than in the medium supplemented with 4 mg/L 2,4-D (24%). Yang et al (2018) demonstrated that NAA at the concentration of 1.0 mg/L could stimulate a higher number of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. somatic embryos (54.75% induction rate) than all tested 2,4-D concentrations.…”

Somatic Embryogenesis; A Highly Promising Technique for Conservation of Tecomella Undulata – A Multi-Purpose Tree on the Verge of Extinction

“…The ndings obtained in the present experiment is highly compatible with theirs, con rming positive effect of relatively high NAA in inducing SE as well as initiating adventitious rooting. Occurrence of adventitious rooting during SE induction using an auxin-forti ed medium have also been reported earlier in several species such as Dalbergia sissoo (Singh and Chand, 2003), Olea europaea (Pires et al, 2020) and Koelreuteria paniculata (Yang et al, 2018). This phenomenon uncovers that fact that non optimal concentration(s) and type of auxin in culture medium could divert partially or totally the SE path within the explant.…”

Efficient callus induction and regeneration in proso millet

“…Various hormones play a crucial role in rapid plant propagation (Yang et al., 2018), not only affecting the totipotency of plant cell but also exerting influence on cell division and differentiation in an interactive manner (Rosa et al., 2015). Studies on tissue culture of Gramineous crops initially focused on effects of exogenous hormones (Cornejo‐Martin et al., 1979; Nishi et al., 1973; Saka & Maeda, 1969).…”