High efficiency single photon detection via frequency up-conversion

VanDevender, Aaron P.; Kwiat, Paul G.

doi:10.1080/09500340408235283

Cited by 205 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Nonlinear optical processes enable complex manipulation of light and have been exploited extensively both in the classical and quantum regime for a wide variety of purposes, e.g. classical single-and multiple-channel frequency conversion [1,2], optical parametric amplification [3], generation of squeezed states and entangled photons [4][5][6], frequency conversion for single-photon detection [7][8][9] and to interface single photons with quantum memories [10][11][12]. Realizing nonlinear processes in integrated waveguides is fundamental in bringing quantum protocols and devices closer to every-day life [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication limits of waveguides in nonlinear crystals and their impact on quantum optics applications

et al. 2019

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Waveguides in nonlinear materials are a key component for photon pair sources and offer promising solutions to interface quantum memories through frequency conversion. To bring these technologies closer to every-day life, it is still necessary to guarantee a reliable and efficient fabrication of these devices. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the technological limitations of nonlinear waveguiding devices is paramount. In this paper, we study the link between fabrication errors of waveguides in nonlinear crystals and the final performance of such devices. In particular, we first derive a mathematical expression to qualitatively assess the technological limitations of any nonlinear waveguide. We apply this tool to study the impact of fabrication imperfections on the phasematching properties of different quantum processes realized in titanium-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. Finally, we analyse the effect of waveguide imperfections on quantum state generation and manipulation for few selected cases. Studying the impact of fabrication errors on the waveguide widths, we find that the presence of correlated noise plays a major role in the degradation of the phasematching and we suggest different possible strategies to reduce the impact of fabrication imperfections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication limits of waveguides in nonlinear crystals and their impact on quantum optics applications

et al. 2019

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“…But the operation temperature (<3 K) of the SNSPD is the biggest stumbling block for large-scale application. Another single photon detector is up-conversion detector working by means of sum-frequency generation in nonlinear optical crystal (periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN)), which can convert telecom-band photons into near infrared photons to be detected by a commercial Si avalanche photodiode (APD) 8,9 . This kind of up-conversion single photon detector has high photon detection efficiency (PDE), high counting rate and has no afterpulsing problem under strong pump field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared single photon detector based on optical up-converter at 1550 nm

Bai

Zhang

Shen

2017

Sci Rep

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High performance single photon detector at the wavelength of 1550 nm has drawn wide attention and achieved vast improvement due to its significant application in quantum information, quantum key distribution, as well as cosmology. A novel infrared up-conversion single photon detector (USPD) at 1550 nm was proposed to work in free-running regime based on the InGaAs/ InP photodetector (PD)- GaAs/AlGaAs LED up-converter and Si single photon avalanche diode (SPAD). In contrast to conventional In0.53Ga0.47As SPAD, the USPD can suppress dark count rate and afterpulsing efficiently without sacrificing the photon detection efficiency (PDE). A high PDE of ~45% can be achieved by optical adhesive coupling between up-converter and Si SPAD. Using a developed analytical model we gave a noise equivalent power of 1.39 × 10−18 WHz1/2 at 200 K for the USPD, which is better than that of InGaAs SPAD. This work provides a new single photon detection scheme for telecom band.

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“…To interface this material with the telecom C-band, we use frequency up-conversion in a nonlinear waveguide to convert weak light at 1570 nm to 606 nm. Such a technique has been employed as an efficient way to detect broadband singlephoton-level telecom light [43][44][45][46][47][48] and conversion of nonclassical light [49][50][51][52]. However, in order to match our optical memory bandwidth, long photons > ( 100 ns) should be converted, which increases the requirements for noise suppression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage of up-converted telecom photons in a doped crystal

et al. 2014

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We report on an experiment that demonstrates the frequency up-conversion of telecommunication wavelength single-photon-level pulses to be resonant with a + Pr 3 :Y SiO 2 5 crystal. We convert the telecom photons at 1570 nm to 606 nm using a periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate nonlinear waveguide. The maximum device efficiency (which includes all optical loss) is inferred to be η = ± 22 1% dev max (internal efficiency η = ± 75 8% int ) with a signal to noise ratio exceeding 1 for single-photon-level pulses with durations of up to 560 ns. The converted light is then stored in the crystal using the atomic frequency comb scheme with storage and retrieval efficiencies exceeding η = 20% AFC for predetermined storage times of up to μ 5 s. The retrieved light is time delayed from the noisy conversion process allowing us to measure a signal to noise ratio exceeding 100 with telecom single-photon-level inputs. These results represent the first demonstration of single-photon-level optical storage interfaced with frequency up-conversion.

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High efficiency single photon detection via frequency up-conversion

Cited by 205 publications

References 41 publications

Fabrication limits of waveguides in nonlinear crystals and their impact on quantum optics applications

Fabrication limits of waveguides in nonlinear crystals and their impact on quantum optics applications

Infrared single photon detector based on optical up-converter at 1550 nm

Storage of up-converted telecom photons in a doped crystal

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