High-efficiency cross-phase modulation in a gas-filled waveguide

Organic coatings have been widely used in atomic physics during the last 50 years because of their mechanical properties, allowing preservation of atomic spins after collisions. Nevertheless, this did not produce detailed insight into the characteristics of the coatings and their dynamical interaction with atomic vapors. This has changed since the 1990s, when their adsorption and desorption properties triggered a renewed interest in organic coatings. In particular, a novel class of phenomena produced by non-destructive light-induced desorption of atoms embedded in the coating surface was observed and later applied in different fields. Nowadays, low energy non-resonant atomic photodesorption from organic coatings can be considered an almost standard technique whenever large densities of atomic vapors or fast modulation of their concentration are required. In this paper, we review the steps that led to this widespread diffusion, from the preliminary observations to some of the most recent applications in fundamental and applied physics.

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“…LIAD was also observed from the core of hollow photonic fibers, as reported in [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51], just to name a few.…”

Section: Liad In Other Dielectric Mediamentioning

confidence: 48%

Low Energy Atomic Photodesorption from Organic Coatings

et al. 2016

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“…The requirements for achieving such nonlinearities in atomic/molecular vapors are a high optical depth (OD) and small cross sectional area to achieve high intensities for low power levels [9]. Alkali metal vapors confined to hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers (PBGF) have extremely large optical nonlinearities [10][11][12][13][14], and large cross phase shifts [15,16], all optical amplitude modulation [17], frequency translation [18] and quantum memory [19] have been demonstrated using such systems. More recently, high OD's have been observed by loading cold atoms in a PBGF from a MOT [20] and the diffusive loading of a kagomé style PBGF with mercury vapor, capable of achieving high optical nonlinearities in the UV regime [21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous generation of rubidium vapor in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers

et al. 2015

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We demonstrate high optical depths (50±5), lasting for hours in Rubidium-filled hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers, which represents a 1000X improvement over operation times previously reported. We investigate the vapor generation mechanism using both a continuous-wave and a pulsed light source and find that the mechanism for generating the Rubidium atoms is primarily due to thermal vaporization. Continuous generation of large vapor densities should enable measurements at the single-photon level by averaging over longer time scales. *

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“…As was mentioned in Sec. 1.1, similar setups using natural atoms have only achieved a weak photon-photon interaction, where a single control photon only imparts a phase shift of less than a milliradian on the probe [31][32][33]. In Paper III, we report as our main result phase shifts of tens of degrees when both the probe and the control are on the single-photon level.…”

Section: Paper I -Undoing Measurement-induced Dephasing In Circuit Qedmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…We Introduction demonstrate phase shifts of tens of degrees in the probe signal when the control signal is on a single-photon level. Comparable experiments with natural atoms placed in optical fibres are at best able to achieve phase shifts of less than a milliradian per photon [31][32][33].…”

Section: Quantum Optics In Superconducting Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this we get the quantum noise increments 33) which is often written in differential form as dB t = b in (t)dt. Now we can write down the time evolution operator U (t) ≡ U (t,0) ≡ U t , which is defined to evolve a state from time 0 to time t as |ψ(t) = U (t) |ψ(0) in the Schrödinger picture or to evolve an operator X in the Heisenberg picture as X(t) = U † (t)X(0)U (t).…”

Section: Quantum Stochastic Calculusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum optics with artificial atoms

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

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Cover: Clockwise from top left: a setup for microwave photon detection using cascaded three-level systems (Paper V); time evolution of the coherent state in a resonator, dispersively coupled to a qubit, conditioned on the qubit state (Paper I); a model for a giant multi-level atom coupled at several points (possibly wavelengths apart) to a 1D waveguide (Paper VII); zoom-in on part of a transmon qubit coupled to surface acoustic waves, realizing a giant atom (Paper VI). AbstractQuantum optics is the study of interaction between atoms and photons. In the eight papers of this thesis, we study a number of systems where artificial atoms (here, superconducting circuits emulating the level structure of an atom) enable us to either improve on known concepts or experiments from quantum optics with natural atoms, or to explore entirely new regimes which have not been possible to reach in such experiments.Paper I shows how unwanted measurement back-action in a parity measurement can be avoided by fully using the information in the measurement record. Paper III is a proof-of-principle experiment demonstrating that an artificial atom built from superconducting circuits can mediate a strong photon-photon interaction. In Papers II and V, we theoretically investigate whether this interaction can be used in a setup for detecting propagating microwave photons, making the photon to be detected impart a phase shift on a coherent probe signal. We find that one atom is not enough to overcome the quantum background noise, but it turns out that several atoms cascaded in the right way can do the trick.In Paper IV, we explain experimental results for a driven artificial atom coupled to photons in a resonator. The last three papers all deal with an artificial atom coupled to a bosonic field at several points, which can be wavelengths apart. Paper VI is a ground-breaking experimental demonstration of coupling between an artificial atom and propagating sound in the form of surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The short SAW wavelength makes the atom "giant" in comparison; the effects of this new regime is explored theoretically in Paper VII, where the multiple coupling points are shown to give interference effects affecting both the atom's relaxation rate and its energy levels. In Paper VIII, an artificial atom in front of a mirror is used to probe the mode structure of quantum vacuum fluctuations.

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High-efficiency cross-phase modulation in a gas-filled waveguide

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Low Energy Atomic Photodesorption from Organic Coatings

Low Energy Atomic Photodesorption from Organic Coatings

Continuous generation of rubidium vapor in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers

Quantum optics with artificial atoms

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