High-Dose Riboflavin as a Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine: Results of an Open Pilot Study

Schoenen, Jean; Lenaerts, Marc; Bastings, E.

doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.1405328.x

Cited by 107 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…ATP was found to be reduced in the occipital lobe of MwoA patients, however, ATP remains to be measured in MwA patients. Additional evidence supporting a disturbed energy metabolism in migraine, comes from pharmacological studies showing the effects of metabolic enhancers, such as riboflavin and coenzyme Q10 (both with a well defined role in mitochondrial membrane generation of ATP), in migraine prophylaxis (65)(66)(67)(68). It is worthy of note that the therapeutic response to riboflavin was associated with specific mitochondrial DNA haplogroups (69).…”

Section: Functional Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in migraine: What have we learned so far?

2012

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Objective: To summarize and evaluate proton (1H) and phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings in migraine. Methods: A thorough review of 1H and/or 31P-MRS studies in any form of migraine published up to September 2011. Results: Some findings were consistent in all studies, such as a lack of ictal/interictal brain pH change and a disturbed energy metabolism, the latter of which is reflected in a drop in phosphocreatine content, both in the resting brain and in muscle following exercise. In a recent interictal study ATP was found to be significantly decreased in the occipital lobe of migraine with aura patients, reinforcing the concept of a mitochondrial component to the migraine threshold, at least in a subgroup of patients. In several studies a correlation between the extent of the energy disturbance and the clinical phenotype severity was apparent. Less consistent but still congruent with a disturbed energy metabolism is an observed lactate increase in the occipital cortex of several migraine subtypes (MwA, migraine with prolonged aura). No increases in brain glutamate levels were found. Conclusion: The combined abnormalities found in MRS studies imply a mitochondrial component in migraine neurobiology. This could be due to a primary mitochondrial dysfunction or be secondary to, for example, alterations in brain excitability. The extent of variation in the data can be attributed to both the variable clinical inclusion criteria used and the variation in applied methodology. Therefore it is necessary to continue to optimize MRS methodology to gain further insights, especially concerning lactate and glutamate.

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Section: Functional Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in migraine: What have we learned so far?

2012

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“…9 Mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to impaired oxygen metabolism, has been speculated to play a role in migraine pathophysiology, [10][11][12] as migraineurs have been shown to have a reduction in mitochondrial phosphorylation potential in between headaches. 13,14 This is the basis for the use of supplements that enhance mitochondrial function in the treatment of migraine, such as riboflavin, CoQ10, and alpha lipoic acid.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Foods and Supplements in the Management of Migraine Headaches

Sun-Edelstein¹,

Mauskop²

2009

The Clinical Journal of Pain

111

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Objective: Although a wide range of acute and preventative medications are now available for the treatment of migraine headaches, many patients will not have a significant improvement in the frequency and severity of their headaches unless lifestyle modifications are made. Also, given the myriad side effects of traditional prescription medications, there is an increasing demand for ''natural'' treatment like vitamins and supplements for common ailments such as headaches. Here, we discuss the role of food triggers in the management of migraines, and review the evidence for supplements in migraine treatment.Methods: A review of the English language literature on preclinical and clinical studies of any type on food triggers, vitamins, supplements, and migraine headaches was conducted.Results: A detailed nutritional history is helpful in identifying food triggers. Although the data surrounding the role of certain foods and substances in triggering headaches is controversial, certain subsets of patients may be sensitive to phenylethylamine, tyramine, aspartame, monosodium glutamate, nitrates, nitrites, alcohol, and caffeine. The available evidence for the efficacy of certain vitamins and supplements in preventing migraines supports the use of these agents in the migraine treatment. Conclusions:The identification of food triggers, with the help of food diaries, is an inexpensive way to reduce migraine headaches. We also recommend the use of the following supplements in the preventative treatment of migraines, in decreasing order of preference: magnesium, Petasites hybridus, feverfew, coenzyme Q10, riboflavin, and alpha lipoic acid.

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“…There is long established evidence (6) that orally administered riboflavin is non-toxic (doses higher than 30 mg lead to decreased net absorption), and much higher doses (400 mg/day) have been safely given to humans (3,4).…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that protein, especially neutral amino acids, in the small intestine and blood stream competes with the intestinal absorption and with the brain penetration of levodopa (2,3). Thus, it may be speculated that the putative motor improvement found in PD patients under dietary protein restriction could be attributed to the increased bioavailability of levodopa in the brain.…”

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confidence: 99%