High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol functionality and metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Introduction:The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MetS-related stroke is set to increase dramatically in coming decades. MetS is a complex disease that includes endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, ectopic obesity, and dyslipidaemia and an increased risk of cardiovascular events. One function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) is the cholesterol-efflux pathway, which is the pathway where cholesterol is removed from macrophages within the arterial walls back into the bloodstream and out to the liver. As one of the key functions of HDL, their hypothesis was that if they could measure HDL-C-efflux capacity, they would have a better handle on the role of HDL in atherosclerosis. However, there are no systematic analyses or well-conducted meta-analyses to evaluate the relationship between HDL-C functionality and MetS. The aim of this study is to examine this association of HDL-C functionality with MetS in different ages and sex.Methods and analysis:The update systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted using published studies that will be identified from electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Studies that examined the association between HDL-C functionality and MetS; focused on cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies; were conducted among in adults aged 40 to 70 years; provided sufficient data for calculating odds ratio or relative risk with a 95% confidence interval; were published as original articles written in English or other languages; and have been published until January 2018 will be included. Study selection, data collection, quality assessment, and statistical syntheses will be conducted based on discussions among investigators.Ethics and dissemination:Ethics approval was not required for this study because it was based on published studies. The results and findings of this study will be submitted and published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration number: PROSPERO (CRD42018083465).

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects and Pharmacological Perspectives

“…Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of pathological conditions occurring together, including obesity, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), high plasma glucose, hypertriglyceridemia and dyslipidemia, leading to a two-fold increased risk of CVD and T2DM. Interestingly, subjects with MetS carry not only abnormalities in HDL-C levels but, interestingly, also in their structure and functions [ 151 , 152 ]. It is well established, indeed, that patients with MetS usually present increased levels of small dense HDL and preβ-HDL, together with a reduction in mature HDL particles, as a consequence of altered intravascular HDL remodeling [ 153 ].…”

Positive association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and bone mineral density in U.S. adults: the NHANES 2011–2018

“…HDL-C is well known for its ability to promote reverse cholesterol transport and thus reduce the chance of developing cardiovascular disease, in addition to being associated with a variety of chronic diseases [24,25], such as chronic kidney disease [26], obesity [27], diabetes [28], endocrine disorders, and metabolic syndrome [29][30][31][32]. On the other hand, HDL-C may have a role in osteoporosis, since a higher HDL-C was linked to a higher lumbar BMD in most people in our representative US sample.…”

The alcohol marker phosphatidylethanol is closely related to AST, GGT, ferritin and HDL‐C

“…For clinical chemical analyses like lipids and ferritin, the relation to alcohol consumption is less obvious 5,6 . There are, however, publications showing the relation between HDL‐C and alcohol use on an epidemiological level, 7 and this relation is also documented by experimental studies 8,9 .…”

“…3,4 For clinical chemical analyses like lipids and ferritin, the relation to alcohol consumption is less obvious. 5,6 There are, however, publications showing the relation between HDL-C and alcohol use on an epidemiological level, 7 and this relation is also documented by experimental studies. 8,9 Also for ferritin, this relation is previously addressed, 10,11 but some publications discuss the relation between high levels of ferritin and cardiac diseases like atrial fibrillation, without including the possible moderating role of alcohol consumption.…”