High density lipoprotein cholesterol and cancer: Marker or causative?

Pirro, Matteo; Ricciuti, Biagio; Rader, Daniel J.; Catapano, Alberico L.; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Banach, Maciej

doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2018.06.001

Cited by 86 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…Other HDL‐related components play a role in immune or acute phase response, complement activation, inflammation, antioxidation, protease inhibition, physiological hemostasis, and vitamin transport . There is increasing evidence suggesting that HDL have additional functions other than mediating reverse cholesterol transport, including host defense and vascular protection …”

Section: Hdl Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50,51 There is increasing evidence suggesting that HDL have additional functions other than mediating reverse cholesterol transport, including host defense and vascular protection. 4,52,53 Reverse cholesterol transport is the process in which cholesterol overload in the peripheral tissues is released in the body fluids and carried out to the liver for final excretion. 52,54 Three main mechanisms for cholesterol efflux have been recognized: (a) passive diffusion process, (b) mediated by scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-BI) receptor, and (c) mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and G1 (ABCA1/ ABCG1).…”

Section: Hdl Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipoproteins are responsible for the transport and clearance of lipids and lipid‐related molecules in the body. Lipoproteins can be classified based on their properties, such as size, electrophoretic mobility, lipid composition, and density . Categorization of lipoproteins according to density and composition is as follows: (a) TG‐rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons [CM], very‐low‐density lipoproteins [VLDL] and intermediate‐density lipoproteins [IDL]) and (b) cholesterol‐rich lipoproteins (low‐density lipoproteins [LDL‐C] and high‐density lipoprotein [HDL‐C]) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipoproteins can be classified based on their properties, such as size, electrophoretic mobility, lipid composition, and density. 4 3 HDL possesses multiple physiological functions, the most wellknown is the capability to transport excess cholesterol from different tissues to the liver in an atheroprotective process known as reverse cholesterol transport. 5 Lipoproteins have been found to play a crucial role in brain functions and may influence neurodegeneration.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Emerging roles for high‐density lipoproteins in neurodegenerative disorders

et al. 2019

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Lipoproteins are the complexes of different lipids and proteins, which are devoted to the transport and clearance of lipids or lipid‐related molecules in the circulation. Lipoproteins have been found to play a crucial role in brain function and may influence myelination process. Among lipoproteins, high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their major protein component, apoA‐I, are directly involved in cholesterol efflux in the brain. It has been suggested that inadequate or dysfunctional brain HDLs may contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunctions, neurodegeneration, or neurovascular instability. HDL deficiency could also promote cognitive decline through impacting on atherosclerotic risk. The focus of this review is to discuss knowledge on HDL dysregulation in neurological disorders. A better understanding on how changes in cellular HDL and apolipoprotein homeostasis affect central nervous system function may provide promising novel avenues for the treatment of specific HDL‐related neurological disorders.

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Section: Hdl Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hdl Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Emerging roles for high‐density lipoproteins in neurodegenerative disorders

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, the main and primary function of HDLs is their role in the key step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from peripheral tissues to the liver where the excessive amount of effluxed cholesterol from peripheral cells is then secreted into the bile and intestine or used for biosynthetic necessities (Figure ) . Furthermore, there are other non‐RCT activities of HDLs, such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and immune modulatory activities that contribute to its protective effects in different conditions and diseases …”

Section: High‐density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of high‐density lipoproteins in antitumor drug delivery

et al. 2019

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High‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) are the smallest lipoprotein with the highest level of protein in their surface. The main role of HDLs are reverse transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. More recently, HDLs have been considered as a new drug delivery system because of their small size, proper surface properties, long circulation time, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immune stimulation. Delivery of anticancer drug to the tumor tissue is a major obstacle against successful chemotherapy, which is because of the toxicity and poor aqueous solubility of these drugs. Loading chemotherapeutic drugs in the lipid core of HDLs can overcome the aforementioned problems and increase the efficiency of drug delivery. In this review, we discuss the use of HDLs particles in drug delivery to the tumor tissue and explain some barriers and limitations that exist in the use of HDLs as an ideal delivery vehicle.

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Genetic risk, metabolic syndrome, and gastrointestinal cancer risk: A prospective cohort study

et al. 2022

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Background Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk has been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a surrogate indicator for unhealthy lifestyles, and a number of genetic loci, but the combined effect of MetS and genetic variants on GI cancer risk is uncertain. Methods We included 430,036 participants with available MetS and genotype data from UK Biobank. During the follow‐up time, 5494 incident GI cancer cases, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer, were identified. We created a GI polygenic risk score (GI‐PRS) for overall GI cancer derived from three site‐specific cancer PRSs. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the associations of MetS and GI‐PRS with the risk of GI cancer. Results MetS was significantly associated with 28% increment in GI cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR] MetS vs. non‐MetS : 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–1.35, p < 0.0001), whereas a high GI‐PRS (top quintile) was associated with 2.28‐fold increase in risk (HR high vs. low : 2.28, 95% CI: 2.09–2.49, p < 0.0001). Compared with participants without MetS and at low genetic risk (bottom quintile of GI‐PRS), those with MetS and at high genetic risk had 2.75‐fold increase in GI cancer risk (HR: 2.75, 95% CI: 2.43–3.12, p < 0.0001). Additionally, MetS in comparison with no MetS had 1.49‰, 2.75‰, and 3.37‰ absolute risk increases in 5 years among participants at low, intermediate (quintiles 2–4 of GI‐PRS) and high genetic risk, respectively, representing the number of subjects diagnosed as MetS causing a new GI cancer case in 5 years were 669, 364, and 296, respectively. Conclusions Metabolic and genetic factors may jointly contribute to GI cancer risk and may serve as predictors by quantitative measurements to identify high‐risk populations of GI cancer for precise prevention.

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High density lipoprotein cholesterol and cancer: Marker or causative?

Cited by 86 publications

References 214 publications

Emerging roles for high‐density lipoproteins in neurodegenerative disorders

Emerging roles for high‐density lipoproteins in neurodegenerative disorders

The role of high‐density lipoproteins in antitumor drug delivery

Genetic risk, metabolic syndrome, and gastrointestinal cancer risk: A prospective cohort study

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