High-density channel alignment of graded index core polymer optical waveguide and its crosstalk analysis with ray tracing method

Hsu, Hsiang Han; Ishigure, Takaaki

doi:10.1364/oe.18.013368

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Ray tracing is a powerful tool for simulating light propagation in highly-multimoded structures such as the components under study [18]- [20]. Three different launch conditions are used in the simulations in order to study the optical transmission characteristics under different types of optical excitation: (i) an overfilled launch, (ii) a 50 m MMF input launch and (iii) a butt-coupled VCSEL input launch.…”

Section: Bend Design and Simulation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Multimode Polymer Waveguide Bends for Board-Level Optical Interconnects

Bamiedakis

Penty

White

2013

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Multimode polymer waveguides are promising for use in board-level optical interconnects. In recent years, various on-board optical interconnection architectures have been demonstrated making use of passive routing waveguide components. In particular, 90 bends have played important roles in complex waveguide layouts enabling interconnection between non co-linear points on a board. Due to the dimensions and index step of the waveguides typically used in on-board optical interconnects, low-loss bends are typically limited to a radius of 10 mm. This paper therefore presents the design and fabrication of compact low-loss waveguide bends with reduced radii of curvature, offering significant reductions in the required areas for on-board optical circuits. The proposed design relies on the exposure of the bend section to the air, achieving tighter light confinement along the bend and reduced bending losses. Simulation studies carried out with ray tracing tools and experimental results from polymer samples fabricated on FR4 are presented. Low bending losses are achieved from the air-exposed bends up to 4 mm of radius of curvature, while an improvement of 14 m in the 1 dB alignment tolerances at the input of these devices (fibre to waveguide coupling) is also obtained. Finally, the air-exposed bends are employed in an optical bus structure, offering reductions in insertion loss of up to 3.8 dB. Index Terms-Board-level optical interconnects, multimode waveguide bends, polymer waveguides.

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Section: Bend Design and Simulation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Multimode Polymer Waveguide Bends for Board-Level Optical Interconnects

Bamiedakis

Penty

White

2013

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…We already showed an advantage of low interchannel crosstalk in GI-core polymer parallel optical waveguides [4,6]. Furthermore, we also experimentally investigate the relationship between the interchannel crosstalk and the inter-core distances [7].…”

Section: Interchannel Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 82%

Pitch control of multi-channel graded-index core polymer waveguide for optical PCB using the Mosquito method

Kinoshita

Suganuma

Ishigure

2014

Optical Interconnects XIV

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We successfully fabricate multi-channel GI circular-core polymer waveguides with precisely controlled pitches utilizing the Mosquito method. The Mosquito method is a very simple method for fabricating GI-core polymer optical waveguides that utilizes a micro dispenser. In this method, a viscous core monomer is directly dispensed into a cladding monomer layer before UV cured, and circular cores are formed by curing both the core and cladding under a UV exposure. Here, it is a concern that a needle position accuracy influences on the interchannel pitch when parallel cores are fabricated by parallel repetitive scan of a single needle. However, we succeeded in controlling the pitch with the Mosquito method and then, GI-core waveguides with 250.7±5.2 μm, 126.7±2.6 μm and 61.7±3.4 μm are successfully fabricated for the pre-set values of 250 μm, 125 μm and 62.5 μm, respectively.Then, we demonstrate a 4 × 10 Gbps transmission over the fabricated GI-core waveguide by connecting the waveguide to an MMF ribbon with a 250-μm pitch, which is realized because the pitch of the fabricated waveguide is accurately controlled to 250 μm.

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“…In our previous study, we experimentally verify a strong crosstalk reduction due to the W-shaped refractive index profile [1]. In this paper, we apply the ray tracing method with the light scattering effect we previously developed [2] for the theoretical analysis. We not only simulate the near field pattern (NFP) in the output end to address the advantages of the W-shaped waveguides, but also show some quantified results of the inter-channel crosstalk with respect to different propagation length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In addition, the scattering mechanism is modeled statistically, which is defined to occur randomly with intensity drops corresponding to the number of split rays and the scattering angle. A detailed explanation of how rays are scattered and how much intensity loss is caused are described in [2]. …”

Section: Theoretical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-channel crosstalk analysis for W-shaped and graded-index core polymer optical waveguides with ray tracing method

2011

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For high-density and high-speed optical interconnections using parallel polymer optical waveguides (PPOW), we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that W-shaped refractive index profiles in the cores are capable of decreasing the inter-channel crosstalk compared to step-index (SI) and even to graded index (GI) waveguides. In this paper, first we analyze the optical characteristics of polymer waveguides with different index profiles by means of the ray tracing model with scattering effect previously we developed. The calculation results confirm the index valley surrounding each core works properly for preventing the power coupling from the cladding modes to the propagation modes. Next, we show the fabrication process (preform method) for such a waveguide, where the cladding material is composed of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and benzyl methacrylate (BzMA). Compared to a GI-core PPOW we previously fabricated with the same core material, the 1-m long PPOW with W-shaped refractive index profile exhibits not only a low propagation loss (0.027 dB/cm), but an even lower inter-channel crosstalk value (-32 dB).

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High-density channel alignment of graded index core polymer optical waveguide and its crosstalk analysis with ray tracing method

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Compact Multimode Polymer Waveguide Bends for Board-Level Optical Interconnects

Compact Multimode Polymer Waveguide Bends for Board-Level Optical Interconnects

Pitch control of multi-channel graded-index core polymer waveguide for optical PCB using the Mosquito method

Inter-channel crosstalk analysis for W-shaped and graded-index core polymer optical waveguides with ray tracing method

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