High density, addressable electrohydrodynamic printhead made of a silicon plate and polymer nozzle structure

Duan, Yongqing; Yang, Weili; Xiao, Jingjing; Gao, Jixin; Wei, Lai; Huang, YongAn; Yin, Zhouping

doi:10.1039/d2lc00624c

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The modeling of EHD jets assisted in the design of a multi-nozzle array print head that addresses the crosstalk issues between individual nozzles. 21 Richner et al provided a more fundamental study by observing the deflection of EHD droplets from a vertical path in response to electric field modification by thin-film electrodes. 22 Their FEM model determined the droplet trajectory and provided-by comparison with experimental results-an estimation for the charge and the size of the ejected droplets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Additive Micromodulation of Grain Size in Nanocrystalline Copper Nanostructures by Electrohydrodynamic Redox 3D Printing

Menétrey

Koch

Sologubenko

et al. 2022

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The control of materials’ microstructure is both a necessity and an opportunity for micro/nanometer‐scale additive manufacturing technologies. On the one hand, optimization of purity and defect density of printed metals is a prerequisite for their application in microfabrication. On the other hand, the additive approach to materials deposition with highest spatial resolution offers unique opportunities for the fabrication of materials with complex, 3D graded composition or microstructure. As a first step toward both—optimization of properties and site‐specific tuning of microstructure—an overview of the wide range of microstructure accessed in pure copper (up to >99.9 at.%) by electrohydrodynamic redox 3D printing is presented, and on‐the‐fly modulation of grain size in copper with smallest segments ≈400 nm in length is shown. Control of microstructure and materials properties by in situ adjustment of the printing voltage is demonstrated by variation of grain size by one order of magnitude and corresponding compression strength by a factor of two. Based on transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography, it is suggested that the small grain size is a direct consequence of intermittent solvent drying at the growth interface at low printing voltages, while larger grains are enabled by the permanent presence of solvent at higher potentials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Additive Micromodulation of Grain Size in Nanocrystalline Copper Nanostructures by Electrohydrodynamic Redox 3D Printing

Menétrey

Koch

Sologubenko

et al. 2022

Small

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“…The measured deposition position accuracies were 1324 ± 374, 1529 ± 486, 1420 ± 237, 1779 ± 256, and 1918 ± 221 nm in the x -direction and 1239 ± 389, 1253 ± 423, 1332 ± 249, 1455 ± 220, and 1789 ± 396 nm in the y -direction at the deflection amplitudes of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 V, respectively. Additionally, the average deposition accuracy in the x and y directions is less than 2 μm, providing a significantly higher level of precision and resolution compared to previous printing technologies, ,− as shown in Table S1. The relative deposition error of the deflection pattern is 1.6%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Patterned Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing Using Orthogonal Deflection Electrodes

Li,

Liang,

Xiao

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-Jet) printing technology provides unmatched advantages in the fabrication of patterned micro/nanostructures. However, the rapid jets generated during printing can lead to localized droplet accumulation on complex structures due to the relatively slow motion control achieved with motorized translation stages, resulting in distorted patterns. To address this challenge, we introduce two jet-deflecting electrodes orthogonally placed on each other, which can rapidly change the electric field in the vicinity of the jet and thus flexibly adjust the flight trajectory of the fast jet to avoid the region where droplets have been deposited. In this way, the jet droplets are precisely controlled to generate high-fidelity microstructures with arbitrary predefined patterns on the stationary substrate. The maximum deflection distance of the jet droplets reaches several hundred microns. Furthermore, the positioning error of the printed structure is less than 3%. Moreover, we successfully obtained a diverse range of complex patterns by combining this technique with stage motion. This innovative printing technology not only enables the fabrication of complex patterned structures with high fidelity but also opens up exciting possibilities for new applications that require complete control of fast droplet positioning.

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“…The modeling of EHD jets assisted in the design of a multinozzle array print head that addresses the crosstalk issues between individual nozzles. 21 Richner et al provided a more fundamental study by observing the deflection of EHD droplets from a vertical path in response to electric field modification by thin-film electrodes. 22 Their FEM model determined the droplet trajectory and provided, by comparison with experimental results, an estimation for the charge and the size of the ejected droplets.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other nanoscale printing techniques, such as aerosol jet printing or FEBID/FIBID, , readily benefited from FEM modeling for geometrical optimization, but work on EHD printing is still emerging. The modeling of EHD jets assisted in the design of a multinozzle array print head that addresses the crosstalk issues between individual nozzles . Richner et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanodroplet Flight Control in Electrohydrodynamic Redox 3D Printing

Menétrey,

Zezulka,

Fandré

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Electrohydrodynamic 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique with enormous potential in plasmonics, microelectronics, and sensing applications thanks to its broad material palette, high voxel deposition rate, and compatibility with various substrates. However, the electric field used to deposit material is concentrated at the depositing structure, resulting in the focusing of the charged droplets and geometry-dependent landing positions, which complicates the fabrication of complex 3D shapes. The low level of concordance between the design and printout seriously impedes the development of electrohydrodynamic 3D printing and rationalizes the simplicity of the designs reported so far. In this work, we break the electric field centrosymmetry to study the resulting deviation in the flight trajectory of the droplets. Comparison of experimental outcomes with predictions of an FEM model provides new insights into the droplet characteristics and unveils how the product of droplet size and charge uniquely governs its kinematics. From these insights, we develop reliable predictions of the jet trajectory and allow the computation of optimized printing paths counterbalancing the electric field distortion, thereby enabling the fabrication of geometries with unprecedented complexity.

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High density, addressable electrohydrodynamic printhead made of a silicon plate and polymer nozzle structure

Abstract: Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing is a promising micro/nano fabrication technique, due to its ultra-high resolution and wide material applicability. However, it suffers from printing efficiency which urgently calls for a high...

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Targeted Additive Micromodulation of Grain Size in Nanocrystalline Copper Nanostructures by Electrohydrodynamic Redox 3D Printing

Targeted Additive Micromodulation of Grain Size in Nanocrystalline Copper Nanostructures by Electrohydrodynamic Redox 3D Printing

Flexible Patterned Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing Using Orthogonal Deflection Electrodes

Nanodroplet Flight Control in Electrohydrodynamic Redox 3D Printing

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