High data density and capacity in chipless radiofrequency identification (chipless-RFID) tags based on double-chains of S-shaped split ring resonators (S-SRRs)

Herrojo, Cristian; Mata-Contreras, Javier; Paredes, Ferran; Martín, Ferrán

doi:10.1051/epjam/2017008

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…With this approach, the number of achievable bits is only limited by the area occupied by the tags and the ID code is contained in the amplitude modulated signal generated by the tags. Such tags typically consist of a chain of either resonant elements [42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49] or metallic strips [50,51,52], etched or printed at predefined and equidistant positions on a dielectric substrate. Basically, in a tag reading operation, the tag is mechanically displaced over the sensitive part of the reader.…”

Section: Chipless-rfid Tags Based On Time Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chipless-RFID: A Review and Recent Developments

Herrojo

Paredes

Mata-Contreras

et al. 2019

Sensors

116

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In this paper, a review of the state-of-the-art chipless radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology is carried out. This recent technology may provide low cost tags as long as these tags are not equipped with application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Nevertheless, chipless-RFID presents a series of technological challenges that have been addressed by different research groups in the last decade. One of these challenges is to increase the data storage capacity of tags, in order to be competitive with optical barcodes, or even with chip-based RFID tags. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to properly clarify the advantages and disadvantages of chipless-RFID technology. Moreover, since the coding information is an important aspect in such technology, the different coding techniques, as well as the main figures of merit used to compare different chipless-RFID tags, will be analyzed.

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Section: Chipless-rfid Tags Based On Time Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chipless-RFID: A Review and Recent Developments

Herrojo

Paredes

Mata-Contreras

et al. 2019

Sensors

116

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“…The reader consists not only of the SRR-loaded line but also the envelope detector, plus additional electronics that are necessary to generate the harmonic (interrogation) signal. In numerous studies by Herrojo et al [50][51][52][53][54][55], the envelope detector was implemented by means of a Schottky diode (Avago HSMS-2860), an active probe which acts as a low-pass filter (with R = 1 MΩ and C = 1 pF) and an isolator to prevent reflections from the diode. In this work, an integrated circuit (Analog Devices ADL5511), able to provide the envelope function (hence reducing cost), was alternatively used.…”

Section: The Readermentioning

confidence: 99%

Very Low-Cost 80-Bit Chipless-RFID Tags Inkjet Printed on Ordinary Paper

et al. 2018

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This paper presents a time-domain, chipless-RFID system with 80-bit tags inkjet-printed on ordinary DIN A4 paper. The tags, consisting of a linear chain of resonant elements (with as many resonators as the number of identification bits plus header bits), are read sequentially and by proximity (through near-field coupling). To this end, a transmission line, fed by a harmonic (interrogation) signal tuned to the resonance frequency of the tag resonators (or close to it), is used as a reader. Thus, during reader operation, the tag chain is mechanically shifted over the transmission line so that the coupling between the line and the functional resonant elements of the tag chain is favored. Logic states that '1' and '0' are determined by the functionality and non-functionality (resonator detuning), respectively, of the resonant elements of the chain. Through near-field coupling, the transmission coefficient of the line is modulated and, as a result, the output signal is modulated in amplitude (AM), which is the identification code contained in the envelope function. As long as the tags are inkjet-printed on ordinary DIN A4 paper, the cost is minimal. Moreover, such tags can be easily programmed and erased, so that identical tags can be fabricated on a large scale (and programmed at a later stage), further reducing the cost of manufacture. The reported prototype tags, with 80 bits of information plus four header bits, demonstrate the potential of this approach, which is of particular interest to secure paper applications.

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“…We would like to mention that, as compared to the near-field chipless-RFID systems reported in References [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], the main advantage of the system proposed in this paper is the fact that once the tag is positioned over the reader, a mechanical displacement for tag reading is not necessary. Nevertheless, scaling up this system to many bits is difficult, and therefore the system should be focused on applications requiring a limited number of bits.…”

Section: System Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In References [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], a new approach for the implementation of chipless-RFID systems, based on near-field and sequential bit reading, was proposed. This is a time-domain approach, but, rather than in the echoes of a pulsed signal, the ID information is contained in the envelope of an amplitude modulated signal generated by the tag when this is displaced over the reader, in close proximity to it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Field Chipless Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Sensing and Identification System with Switching Reading

Paredes

Herrojo

Mata-Contreras

et al. 2018

Sensors

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A chipless radio-frequency identification (chipless-RFID) and sensing system, where tags are read by proximity (near-field) through a switch, is presented. The tags consist of a set of identical resonant elements (split-ring resonators or SRRs), printed or etched at predefined and equidistant positions, forming a linear chain, each SRR providing a bit of information. The logic state (‘1’ or ‘0’) associated with each resonator depends on whether it is present or not in the predefined position. The reader is an array of power splitters used to feed a set of SRR-loaded transmission lines (in equal number to the number of resonant elements, or bits, of the tag). The feeding (interrogation) signal is a harmonic (single-tone) signal tuned to a frequency in the vicinity of the fundamental resonance of the SRRs. The set of SRR-loaded lines must be designed so that the corresponding SRRs are in perfect alignment with the SRRs of the tag, provided the tag is positioned on top of the reader. Thus, in a reading operation, as long as the tag is very close to the reader, the SRRs of the tag modify (decrease) the transmission coefficient of the corresponding reader line (through electromagnetic coupling between both SRRs), and the amplitude of the output signal is severely reduced. Therefore, the identification (ID) code of the tag is contained in the amplitudes of the output signals of the SRR-loaded lines, which can be inferred sequentially by means of a switching system. Unlike previous chipless-RFID systems based on near-field and sequential bit reading, the tags in the proposed system can be merely positioned on top of the reader, conveniently aligned, without the need to mechanically place them across the reader. Since tag reading is only possible if the tag is very close to the reader, this system can be also used as a proximity sensor with applications such as target identification. The proposed chipless-RFID and sensing approach is validated by reading a designed 4-bit tag. For identification purposes, this system is of special interest in applications where a low number of bits suffice, and tag reading by proximity is acceptable (or even convenient). Applications mostly related to secure paper, particularly involving a limited number of items (e.g., exams, ballots, etc.), in order to provide authenticity and avoid counterfeiting, are envisaged. As a proximity sensor, the system may be of use in detecting and distinguishing different targets in applications such as smart packaging.

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High data density and capacity in chipless radiofrequency identification (chipless-RFID) tags based on double-chains of S-shaped split ring resonators (S-SRRs)

Cited by 23 publications

References 62 publications

Chipless-RFID: A Review and Recent Developments

Chipless-RFID: A Review and Recent Developments

Very Low-Cost 80-Bit Chipless-RFID Tags Inkjet Printed on Ordinary Paper

Near-Field Chipless Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Sensing and Identification System with Switching Reading

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