Very Low-Cost 80-Bit Chipless-RFID Tags Inkjet Printed on Ordinary Paper

Abstract

This paper presents a time-domain, chipless-RFID system with 80-bit tags inkjet-printed on ordinary DIN A4 paper. The tags, consisting of a linear chain of resonant elements (with as many resonators as the number of identification bits plus header bits), are read sequentially and by proximity (through near-field coupling). To this end, a transmission line, fed by a harmonic (interrogation) signal tuned to the resonance frequency of the tag resonators (or close to it), is used as a reader. Thus, during reader operation, the tag chain is mechanically shifted over the transmission line so that the coupling between the line and the functional resonant elements of the tag chain is favored. Logic states that '1' and '0' are determined by the functionality and non-functionality (resonator detuning), respectively, of the resonant elements of the chain. Through near-field coupling, the transmission coefficient of the line is modulated and, as a result, the output signal is modulated in amplitude (AM), which is the identification code contained in the envelope function. As long as the tags are inkjet-printed on ordinary DIN A4 paper, the cost is minimal. Moreover, such tags can be easily programmed and erased, so that identical tags can be fabricated on a large scale (and programmed at a later stage), further reducing the cost of manufacture. The reported prototype tags, with 80 bits of information plus four header bits, demonstrate the potential of this approach, which is of particular interest to secure paper applications.

High-Density Microwave Encoders for Motion Control and Near-Field Chipless-RFID

“…However, the main benefit of the proposed system is the fact that the tag period has been substantially reduced. This means that the per-unit length data density, as high as 16.66 bits/cm, is substantially larger than in the tags reported, e.g., in [31]- [33] (specifically, more than 5 times larger). Indeed, the proposed 100-bit tag is as short as 6 cm.…”

“…Indeed, the proposed 100-bit tag is as short as 6 cm. By contrast, the 84bit tag reported in [33] exhibits a length of 26.7 cm (corresponding to a per unit length data density of 3.14 bit/cm). Obviously, by using straight strips orthogonally oriented with regard to the chain axis, the width of the proposed tags (2.24 cm) is larger than the one of the tags reported in [33] (0.35 cm).…”

Chipless RFID Sensors for the Internet of Things: Challenges and Opportunities

“…RFID technologies have found many applications in automatic tracking and identification of objects and food-related goods. While chip-based solutions provide high-coding capacity and can easily comply with international product code standards, their cost makes them expensive when compared to the more widespread barcodes and therefore a lot of research effort has been made to produce chipless tags with high coding capacity [3,102,103]. However, a smart package can have more functionalities than just tracking items, because sensing capabilities can be added, including parameters that can give information on the item storage environment, age or authenticity.…”

On Adaptive Control for Electrical Discharge Machining Using Vibroacoustic Emission

“…If not taken into attention to the mass of the wire sections h 1 and h 2 and mass losses on electroerosion wear [49,50], an amplitude of oscillation may be presented as a complex amplitude of the harmonic signal [51][52][53]:…”