High cortisol awakening response in the aftermath of workplace violence exposure moderates the association between acute stress disorder symptoms and PTSD symptoms

Marin, Marie‐France; Geoffrion, Steve; Juster, Robert‐Paul; Giguère, Charles–Édouard; Marchand, Alain; Lupien, Sonia J.; Guay, Stéphane

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.006

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The CAR is regarded as "the first and the largest ultradian episode of the day" (Evans et al, 2019, p. 250) and marks the beginning of circadian activity (Lightman and Conway-Campbell, 2010). This component of the cortisol diurnal rhythm is positively associated with better adjustment in elders (Evans et al, 2012;Lai et al, 2012) and younger adults (Powell and Schlotz, 2012;Marin et al, 2019). A stronger CAR is also associated with younger age (Heaney et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarking Trait Resilience With Salivary Cortisol in Chinese Undergraduates

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to examine the relationship between trait resilience and salivary cortisol in a group of Chinese undergraduates. The Chinese versions of the Brief Resilience Scale and a measure of optimism, the revised Life Orientation Test were administered to 49 Chinese undergraduates who provided self-collected saliva samples six times per day (immediately after waking; 0.5, 3, 6, and 12 h thereafter; and at bedtime) over 3 consecutive weekdays. The cortisol data were aggregated across the 3 days to examine the association between resilience and components of the diurnal rhythm of cortisol using multiple regression. The results showed that higher resilience was associated with a stronger cortisol response to awakening and a steeper diurnal decline in cortisol from waking to bedtime. Resilience was positively associated with cortisol output over the course of the day but this relationship was not significant (p = 0.065). This pattern of diurnal rhythm is consistent with that typically observed in better adjusted individuals. Generated by an intensive protocol with compliance objectively monitored, these findings clearly indicate the important role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in health and adjustment and contribute to the growing literature on resilience and cortisol in humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarking Trait Resilience With Salivary Cortisol in Chinese Undergraduates

et al. 2020

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“…Hippocampal atrophy prior to the precipitating traumatic event may also increase vulnerability to PTSD (28)(29)(30). This is supported by neuroendocrine studies showing higher immune GR counts in pre-deployed soldiers who developed severe PTSD symptoms within 6 months post-deployment (31), and lower cortisol in the acute aftermath of trauma victims who developed PTSD symptoms compared to those who did not (32)(33)(34). Thus, low cortisol during traumatic stress recovery may result from pre-existing HPA axis dysregulation that primes hippocampal atrophy and subsequent development of PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Hippocampal subfield volumes are uniquely affected in PTSD and depression: International analysis of 31 cohorts from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Working Group

Salminen

Sämann

Zheng

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: PTSD and depression commonly co-occur and have been associated with smaller hippocampal volumes compared to healthy and trauma-exposed controls. However, the hippocampus is heterogeneous, with subregions that may be uniquely affected in individuals with PTSD and depression. Methods:We used random effects regressions and a harmonized neuroimaging protocol based on FreeSurfer (v6.0) to identify sub-structural hippocampal markers of current PTSD (C-PTSD), depression, and the interaction of these conditions across 31 cohorts worldwide (N=3,115;Mage=38.9±13.9 years). Secondary analyses tested these associations by sex and after modeling the simultaneous effects of remitted PTSD, childhood trauma, mild traumatic brain injury, and alcohol use disorder.Results: A significant negative main effect of depression (n=800, vs. no depression, n=1456) was observed in the hippocampal tail (ß=-0.13) and CA1 (ß=-0.09) after adjusting for covariates and multiple testing (adjusted p's (q)=0.028). A main effect of C-PTSD (n=1042 vs. control, n=1359) was not significant, but an interaction between C-PTSD and depression was significant in the CA1 (ß=-0.24, q=0.044). Pairwise comparisons revealed significantly smaller CA1 volumes in individuals with C-PTSD+Depression than controls (ß=-0.12, q=0.012), C-PTSD-only (ß=-0.17, q=0.001), and Depression-only (ß=-0.18, q=0.023). Follow-up analyses revealed sex effects in the hippocampal tail of depressed females, and an interaction effect of C-PTSD and depression in the fimbria of males. Conclusions:Collectively our results suggest that depression is a stronger predictor of hippocampal volumetry than PTSD, particularly in the CA1, and provide compelling evidence of more pronounced hippocampal phenotypes in comorbid PTSD and depression compared to either condition alone.

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“…These hormones work together to give the body the best chance of survival against the perceived threat that a stressor poses ( Oken et al, 2015 ). Indeed, stress-related disorders are psychological and caused by traumatic events but can be characterized biologically with this increased expression of cortisol within the body ( Marin et al, 2019 ). Other factors that can influence HPA axis reactivity, and therefore the magnitude of the stress response, are age, sex, genetics, and prescription drugs ( Zänkert et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: What Makes Us Stressed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The industry standard for diagnosis of mental disorders (DSM-V) recognizes two stress-related disorders: Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) ( Fink, 2009 ; Bakhshian et al, 2013 ). Biologically, ASD and PTSD are associated with increased levels of cortisol and abnormal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis while being very different in their psychological severity ( Bakhshian et al, 2013 ; Marin et al, 2019 ). The HPA axis works concurrently with the sympathoadrenal-medullary (SAM) axis of the sympathetic nervous system to stimulate the release of several hormones that prepare the body to survive a stressful situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Monitoring and Recent Advancements in Wearable Biosensors

Samson

Koh

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The stress response allows the body to overcome obstacles and prepare for threats, but sustained levels of stress can damage one’s health. Stress has long been measured through physical tests and questionnaires that rely primarily on user-inputted data, which can be subjective and inaccurate. To quantify the amount of stress that the body is experiencing biologically, analytical detection of biomarkers associated with the stress response recently have been developed. Novel stress sensing devices focus on cortisol sweat sensing as a part of wearable, flexible devices. These devices promise a real-time, continuous collection of stress data that can be used in clinical diagnoses or for personal stress monitoring and mediation.

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High cortisol awakening response in the aftermath of workplace violence exposure moderates the association between acute stress disorder symptoms and PTSD symptoms

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Biomarking Trait Resilience With Salivary Cortisol in Chinese Undergraduates

Biomarking Trait Resilience With Salivary Cortisol in Chinese Undergraduates

Hippocampal subfield volumes are uniquely affected in PTSD and depression: International analysis of 31 cohorts from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Working Group

Stress Monitoring and Recent Advancements in Wearable Biosensors

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