High concentration of C-type natriuretic peptide promotes VEGF-dependent vasculogenesis in the remodeled region of infarcted swine heart with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

Abstract

CNP expression is locally increased in infarct remodeled myocardium in the presence of dense capillary network. The vasculogenic response requires the co-exposure to high concentration of CNP and VEGF-A. Our data will be helpful to develop combined myocardial delivery of CNP and VEGF-A genes in order to reverse the remodeling process.

Prognostic value of N‐terminal pro C‐type natriuretic peptide in heart failure patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction

“…A study with infarcted swine hearts with a preserved EF showed that increased fibrosis, metalloproteases, and capillary density were localized to the infarct border zone and were associated with increased expression of CNP. Interestingly, high concentrations of both CNP and VEGF‐A were associated with a vasculogenic response …”

Increasing heart vascularisation after myocardial infarction using brain natriuretic peptide stimulation of endothelial and WT1+epicardium-derived cells

“…ANP via NPR-A stimulates endothelial precursor cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in the skin during cutaneous wound healing 35 . The restoration of blood flow is impaired after hindlimb ischemia in NPR-A KO mice 36 , while the injection of a high concentration of CNP increases vascular density in infarcted swine hearts 37 . Recently, CNP was identified as a key regulator in angiogenesis and vascular remodelling after ischemia in patients suffering from peripheral artery disease 38 .…”

Myocardial Expression Analysis of Osteopontin and Its Splice Variants in Patients Affected by End-Stage Idiopathic or Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

“…Total RNA was extracted by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform method from cardiac tissue samples with Rneasy Midi kit (Qiagen S.p.A, Milano, Italy) as previously describe [ 28 – 30 ]. The extraction methodology used was specific for fibrous tissues, as cardiac samples, and during extraction phases cellular debris were removed.…”

“…The cDNA samples obtained were placed on ice and stored at 4°C until further use. Real-Time PCR reactions were performed in duplicate in the Bio-Rad C1000 TM thermal cycler (CFX-96 Real-Time PCR detection systems, Bio-Rad) as previously described [ 30 ]. For monitoring cDNA amplification a third-generation fluorophore, EvaGreen, was used (SsoFAST EvaGreen Supermix, Bio-Rad).…”

“…Tri-reagent procedure (Molecular Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA) allowed obtaining RNA and proteins from a single sample using a monophasic mixture of phenol and guanidine thiocyanate and isopropyl alcohol to precipitate nucleic acids, as previously described [ 29 , 30 ]. Proteins isolated by organic phase were added to ethanol and centrifuged to eliminate the lipid component.…”