High-carotenoid biofortified maize is an alternative to color additives in poultry feed

Díaz-Gómez, Joana; Moreno, José María Villagrán; Angulo, E.; Sandmann, Gerhard; Zhu, Changfu; Ramos, Ana M. González; Capell, Teresa; Christou, Paul; Nogareda, C.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.06.007

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Carotenoids are an important factor for growth and health of birds, color and therefore carotenoid additives and vitamin A supplements may be added to poultry feed formulations. As an alternative for this some studies have used established high-carotenoid maize as an alternative for these supplements in laying hens and broilers [18][19][20]. Our results show that carotenoids are deposited in the skin of yellow skin chicken, while in white skin chicken there is almost no deposition of carotenoids, as no β-carotene was detected, while the lutein and zeaxanthin were detected in chicken skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Variations in BCO2 Coding Sequence Causing a Difference in Carotenoid Concentration in the Skin of Chickens

Wang

Gan

Luo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Carotenoid consumption decreases the risk of cancer, osteoporosis, or neurodegenerative diseases through interrupting the formation of free radicals. Carotenoid-pigmented egg yolk, skin, legs, beak, comb, and feathers in broilers give consumers the impression that they are healthier than none-pigmented ones. Deposition of carotenoids in chicken skin makes the skin color turn from white into yellow. The enzyme β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) plays a key role during the degradation process of carotenoids in skin. How does the BCO2 affects the skin color of chicken, and whether it is the key factor resulted in the phenotypic difference between yellow- and white- skin chickens are still unclear. Three female chickens of the Guangxi Huang and Qingjiao Ma breed were slaughtered and used for carotenoid concentration and BCO2 expression level analysis. The carotenoid concentration in chicken skin was determined by HPLC. A total of 1054 DNA samples from seven different chicken breeds were genotyped and allele frequencies analysis.Results: In the present study, we measured the concentration of carotenoids in chicken skin showed that the carotenoid concentration in chicken with a yellow skin was significantly higher than that with white skin chicken. Then we analyzed the expression profile of BCO2 in different tissues and observed significant differences in gene expression in the back skin between yellow- and white- skin chicken. Scanning the SNPs in BCO2 gene, it revealed a G/A mutation in exon 6, which was confirmed by PCR-RFLP. Copy number variation (CNV) was also detected; the copy number in white yellow skin chicken was almost 2-fold of that than in yellow skin chicken. These results implied that the G/A mutation and CNV in chicken skin may play a key role in regulating the carotenoids degradation. Conclusions: Generally, reduced expression of the BCO2 gene due to lower CVNs may be responsible for the deposition of carotenoids and as a consequence a yellow skin color in yellow skin chicken. One SNP c.890A>G was found to be associated with the chicken skin color and may be used as a genetic marker in breeding for yellow skin in chicken in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Variations in BCO2 Coding Sequence Causing a Difference in Carotenoid Concentration in the Skin of Chickens

Wang

Gan

Luo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Additionally, our results showed that the skin yellowness values detected at different positions were positively correlated with each other. Díaz-Gómez et al (2017) also found that there was a correlation between breast skin yellowness and thigh skin yellowness in chickens. Therefore, Pigments may evenly deposit in different areas of the chicken body skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Characterization of Chicken Skin Yellowness and Exploration of Genes Involved in Skin Yellowness Deposition in Chicken

Lin

Geng-Hua

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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Skin color is an important economic trait in meat-type chickens. A uniform bright skin color can increase the sales value of chicken. Chickens with bright yellow skin are more popular in China, especially in the broiler market of South China. However, the skin color of chickens can vary because of differences in breeds, diet, health, and individual genetics. To obtain greater insight into the genetic factors associated with the process of skin pigmentation in chickens, we used a colorimeter and high-resolution skin photographs to measure and analyze the skin color of chickens. By analyzing 534 chickens of the same breed, age, and feed condition, we found that the yellowness values of the chickens varied within this population. A significant positive correlation was found between the cloacal skin yellowness values before and after slaughter, and the cloacal skin yellowness value of live chickens was positively correlated with the overall body skin yellowness value. Additionally, chicken skin yellowness exhibited low heritability, ranging from 0.07 to 0.27. Through RNA sequencing, 882 genes were found to be differentially expressed between the skin with the highest and lowest yellowness values. Some of these differentially expressed genes may play an important role in yellow pigment deposition in chicken skin, which included TLR2B, IYD, SMOC1, ALDH1A3, CYP11A1, FHL2, TECRL, ACACB, TYR, PMEL, and GPR143. In addition, we found that the expression and variations of the BCO2 gene, which is referred to as the yellow skin gene, cannot be used to estimate the skin yellowness value of chickens in this population. These data will help to further our understanding of chicken skin yellowness and might contribute to the selection of specific chicken strains with consistent skin coloration.

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“…Carotenoids are an important factor for the growth and health of birds and their color, and therefore carotenoid additives and vitamin A supplements may be added to poultry feed formulations. As an alternative for this, some studies have used established high-carotenoid maize for these supplements in laying hens and broilers [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Our results show that carotenoids are deposited in the skin of Guangxi Huang chicken with yellow skin, while in white-skin chickens, there is a lower deposition of carotenoids, as no β-carotene was detected, while the lutein and zeaxanthin were detected to be significantly lower in Qingjiao Ma chickens than that of yellow-skin chickens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in BCO2 Coding Sequence Causing a Difference in Carotenoid Concentration in the Skin of Chinese Indigenous Chicken

Wang

Gan

Luo

et al. 2023

Genes

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Carotenoid consumption decreases the risk of cancer, osteoporosis, or neurodegenerative diseases through interrupting the formation of free radicals. The deposition of carotenoids in chicken skin makes the skin color turn from white into yellow. The enzyme β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) plays a key role during the degradation process of carotenoids in skin. How the BCO2 affects the skin color of the chicken and whether it is the key factor that results in the phenotypic difference between yellow- and white-skin chickens are still unclear. In this research, the measurement of the concentration of carotenoids in chicken skin by HPLC showed that the carotenoid concentration in chickens with a yellow skin was significantly higher than that in white-skin chickens. Moreover, there were significant differences in BCO2 gene expression in the back skin between yellow- and white-skin chickens. Scanning the SNPs in BCO2 gene revealed a G/A mutation in exon 6 of the BCO2 gene in white and yellow skin chicken. Generally, one SNP c.890A>G was found to be associated with the chicken skin color and may be used as a genetic marker in breeding for yellow skin in Chinese indigenous chickens.

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High-carotenoid biofortified maize is an alternative to color additives in poultry feed

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Variations in BCO2 Coding Sequence Causing a Difference in Carotenoid Concentration in the Skin of Chickens

Variations in BCO2 Coding Sequence Causing a Difference in Carotenoid Concentration in the Skin of Chickens

Characterization of Chicken Skin Yellowness and Exploration of Genes Involved in Skin Yellowness Deposition in Chicken

Variations in BCO2 Coding Sequence Causing a Difference in Carotenoid Concentration in the Skin of Chinese Indigenous Chicken

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