High Blood Pressure in Chinese Ethnic Minorities: Report From Rural Yunnan Province

Yang, S. Steven; Liu, Sandy; Wang, Ying; Wan, Hao; Zhao, Dong; Yi, Li; Chen, Shan Shan; Wu, Yangfeng; Dustin, Laurie; Azen, Stan; Hu, Da Yi; Detrano, Robert

doi:10.1038/ajh.2011.127

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…When data were adjusted for a number of covariates, it was found that there were significant interactions for MSG intake and blood pressure among participants who took hypertension medication. These results are inconsistent with previous short-term placebo-control studies in humans, which did not find effect of MSG on blood pressure [7,22,23].…”

Section: Msg and Hypertensioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Studies of Monosodium Glutamate and Health

ThiThu¹

2013

J Nutr Food Sci

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Epidemiology studies regarding to monosodium glutamate and health are limited, since three studies surveyed by questionnaires the relation between monosodium glutamate and Chinese restaurant syndrome; five studies analyzed the association of monosodium glutamate and overweight or obesity; one study related the monosodium glutamate and hypertension; one study investigated the improvement of hemoglobin in Chinese; and another study the association of sleep-disordered breathing. The results of this studies showed that in one of the Chinese restaurant syndrome study conducted by a questionnaire on dietary frequency of monosodium glutamate in Hawaiian men, neurological symptom occurred significantly less often among men who used monosodium glutamate than among non-users. What is more, in another survey conducted in the US found that those people who believed they had experienced Chinese restaurant syndrome reported non-specific symptoms. On the other hand, overweight and monosodium glutamate has been also a concern. Results of these studies have been controversial since from five surveys, two found no associations while three found associations. One of the group of investigators to whom it was reported that monosodium glutamate was not associated with prevalence of weight gain in 2010, the following year published that monosodium glutamate could raise blood pressure in people who took hypertension medication. In 2012 they reported that monosodium glutamate improved the hemoglobin, having an inverse relationship between monosodium glutamate intake and the risk of anemia, and in the last publish, they reported that monosodium glutamate was associated with sleep-disordered breathing. This review covers these epidemiological studies. However, since then they reported controversial results as well as limit number of surveys conducted, it is difficult to make a conclusion. We need further studies to understand and analyze better the relation between monosodium glutamate and health in free-living subjects.

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Section: Msg and Hypertensioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Studies of Monosodium Glutamate and Health

ThiThu¹

2013

J Nutr Food Sci

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“… 33–37 39 The highest rate of awareness was 70% in the City of Lhasa, where the socioeconomic status of subjects is at the level of urban residents/professionals, 35 with the lowest rate being 20% in Yangbajing Town, Dangxiong County, Lhasa Municipality, where the socioeconomic level is that of herdsmen. 33 The highest treatment rate (59%) was in rural Lhasa, 32 with the lowest treatment rate reported at Yangbajing Town (2.6%). 33 Lhasa also had the highest control rate (31.8%); 34 this study included data collected from both the city and nearby rural areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Among these, six were excluded due to having no relevant outcome; 16 23–26 two because they presented research which was either not conducted in Tibet 27 or where the targeted subjects were non-Tibetans; 28 two due to being review papers; 10 29 one because the full text could not be retrieved; 30 one 31 due to being a duplicate of another study included in the review; one 7 because it was conducted across settings with different altitudes and one because it did not report the altitude of the study setting. 32 This left eight studies with a total of 16 913 participants for inclusion in the review. 11 33–39 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between altitude and the prevalence of hypertension in Tibet: a systematic review

Mingji

Onakpoya

Perera

et al. 2015

Heart

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IntroductionHypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, which is the cause of one-third of global deaths and is a primary and rising contributor to the global disease burden. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence and awareness of hypertension among the inhabitants of Tibet and its association with altitude, using the data from published observational studies.MethodsWe conducted electronic searches in Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science and Global Health. No gender or language restrictions were imposed. We assessed the methodological characteristics of included studies using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria. Two reviewers independently determined the eligibility of studies, assessed the methodology of included studies and extracted the data. We used meta-regression to estimate the degree of change in hypertension prevalence with increasing altitude.ResultsWe identified 22 eligible articles of which eight cross-sectional studies with a total of 16 913 participants were included. The prevalence of hypertension ranged between 23% and 56%. A scatter plot of altitude against overall prevalence revealed a statistically significant correlation (r=0.68; p=0.04). Meta-regression analysis revealed a 2% increase in the prevalence of hypertension with every 100 m increase in altitude (p=0.06). The locations and socioeconomic status of subjects affected the awareness and subsequent treatment and control of hypertension.ConclusionsThe results from cross-sectional studies suggest that there is a significant correlation between altitude and the prevalence of hypertension among inhabitants of Tibet. The socioeconomic status of the inhabitants can influence awareness and management of hypertension. Very little research into hypertension has been conducted in other prefectures of Tibet where the altitude is much higher. Further research examining the impact of altitude on blood pressure is warranted.

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“…However, the rates of hypertension treatment and control were lower in Yunnan. Only 19.9% hypertensive patients were treated by diet and/or medication, 11.7% for treatment with medication, and 10.8% for control [ 25 ]. These rates of treatment and control were among the lowest in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between dietary patterns and hypertension among Han and multi-ethnic population in southwest China

Ruan

Huang²,

Zhang

et al. 2018

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundDifferent dietary patterns and the risks of hypertension in various diet exposures among multi-ethnic population in southwest China remain extremely scarce. The aim of this study is to identify dietary patterns and explore the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension among Han and multi-ethnic population in southwest China.MethodsA representative sample of 3591 participants of Han, and multi-ethnic population were recruited by stratified cluster sampling in Diqing of Yunnan Province, southwest China from September 2012 to January 2013. Participants who were under 18 years old or who could not clearly answer the questions and those who used the anti-hypertensive medication were excluded from this survey. All participants reported their dietary intakes using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), and their blood pressures were measured by standardized procedures. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis with principal component. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between dietary patterns and hypertension.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hypertension was 30.5% among Han and multi-ethnic population in Diqing, Yunnan Province. Three dietary patterns were identified in this study, defined as ‘Grassland healthy’, ‘Tuber and meat’, and ‘Fruit and vegetable’. Participants in the 5th quintile of the three dietary patterns were at a lower risk of hypertension compared with those in the 1st quintile. The odds ratio (OR) for the 5th quintile of ‘Grassland healthy’ pattern, ‘Tuber and meat’ and ‘Fruit and vegetable’ was 0.693 (95% CI: 0.537–0.893, p = 0.005), 0.678 (95% CI: 0.530–0.868, p = 0.002), 0.759 (95% CI: 0.593–0.970, p = 0.028), respectively. After further adjustment of participants’ age, the negative association between the ‘Grassland healthy’ pattern and the prevalence of hypertension persisted (OR = 0.703, 95% CI: 0.535–0.924, p = 0.012). However, the significant associations between the other two dietary patterns and hypertension disappeared.ConclusionsThe ‘Grassland healthy’ dietary pattern is associated with lower risk of hypertension, whereas there is no significant associations between the other two dietary patterns and hypertension among Han and multi-ethnic population in Diqing of Yunnan province, southwest China.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6003-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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High Blood Pressure in Chinese Ethnic Minorities: Report From Rural Yunnan Province

Abstract: The prevalence of HTN varies widely among China's ethnic groups. Treatment and control rates of HTN also vary and are inadequate in the minority ethnic groups as well as in the Han majority.

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Epidemiological Studies of Monosodium Glutamate and Health

Epidemiological Studies of Monosodium Glutamate and Health

Relationship between altitude and the prevalence of hypertension in Tibet: a systematic review

Association between dietary patterns and hypertension among Han and multi-ethnic population in southwest China

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