High bioavailability from nebulized itraconazole nanoparticle dispersions with biocompatible stabilizers

Recent Developments in Inhaled Triazoles Against Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

“…Lecithin presents surface-active properties that improved ITZ wettability and therefore the ITZ surface area in contact with the dissolution medium. During a pharmacokinetic study in mice similar to those conducted by Vaughn et al 2006, they observed a higher lung C max , shorter t max and a 10-times higher serum C max [68,71]. These results revealed a drastic increase in the absorption constant of ITZ from AIN in comparison with AIP2.…”

“…Yang et al applied another processing system, the ultra-rapid freezing technique, to generate amorphous ITZ nanoparticle-based aggregates (AIN) [71]. This technique differs from spray freezing into liquid process in that it uses rapid freezing of a drug/excipient solution onto a cryogenic substrate of desired thermal conductivity to obtain a solid dispersion/solution.…”

Aggregated Nanotransfersomal Dry Powder Inhalation of Itraconazole for Pulmonary Drug Delivery

“…32 Once the nanotransfersome aggregates, with their large surface area, in the dry powder formulation is deposited in the aqueous lining fluid in the lung, the mannitol may quickly dissolve, resulting in the dispersion of nanotransfersomes in the respiratory tract fluids. 33 Carriers form the backbone structure of the solid particles during the spray drying process and facilitate pulmonary delivery. 32 The carrier of choice for DPI products is currently lactose monohydrate and almost all DPI products already in market are using lactose as a carrier.…”

“…Once the nanotransfersomes aggregate, with their large surface area, in the dry powder formulation is deposited in the aqueous lining fluid in the lung, the mannitol may quickly dissolve, resulting in the dispersion of nanotransfersomes in the respiratory tract fluids. 33 Due to the flexibility in use and high productivity, NGIs (a new impactor type specifically designed for testing pharmaceutical inhalers using the very newest and modern designed theory in 1997) have been used as the most popular testing machine within many inhaler research laboratories. NGI was launched in 2000 and was subsequently accepted into the European Pharmacopeia as Apparatus E and into the United States Pharmacopeia as Apparatus 5 and 6 in 2005.…”

Investigation of Solid Dispersion of Atorvastatin Calcium in Polyethylene Glycol 6000 and Polyvinylpyrrolidone

“…Methods recently used to prepare amorphous solid dispersions include mechanical milling [5], fusion [6], hot melt extrusion [7], spray drying [8], freeze drying [9] and supercritical fluid precipitation [10].…”