High bandwidth on-chip capacitive tuning of microtoroid resonators

Baker, Christopher G.; Bekker, Christiaan; McAuslan, David L.; Sheridan, Eoin; Bowen, Warwick P.

doi:10.1364/oe.24.020400

Cited by 27 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…(b) Cut-view through the dashed green line in (a), illustrating how contour Ω 1 can be continuously deformed and collapsed, while contour Ω 2 cannot and encloses therefore a real topological defect. (c) Singlespoked annular disk geometry[73], whose central hole is topologically identical to that enclosed by contour Ω 2 .Infigure 5(c), we show how this native geometric splitting[60] affects the third-sound mode splitting as a function of the circulation around the central hole. Each black dot represents a finite element simulation of the splitting between the high and low frequency eigenmodes shown infigure 5(b), as a function of the number of circulation quanta around the central defect.…”

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confidence: 93%

Modelling of vorticity, sound and their interaction in two-dimensional superfluids

et al. 2019

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Vorticity in two-dimensional superfluids is subject to intense research efforts due to its role in quantum turbulence, dissipation and the BKT phase transition. Interaction of sound and vortices is of broad importance in Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluid helium. However, both the modelling of the vortex flow field and of its interaction with sound are complicated hydrodynamic problems, with analytic solutions only available in special cases. In this work, we develop methods to compute both the vortex and sound flow fields in an arbitrary two-dimensional domain. Further, we analyse the dispersive interaction of vortices with sound modes in a two-dimensional superfluid and develop a model that quantifies this interaction for any vortex distribution on any two-dimensional bounded domain, possibly non-simply connected, exploiting analogies with fluid dynamics of an ideal gas and electrostatics. As an example application we use this technique to propose an experiment that should be able to unambiguously detect single circulation quanta in a helium thin film.

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confidence: 93%

Modelling of vorticity, sound and their interaction in two-dimensional superfluids

et al. 2019

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“…The electro-optomechanical system used in this work consists of a microtoroidal optomechanical oscillator 36,37 with an integrated electrical interface that allows a radial force to be applied directly to the mechanical resonator. In a previous work, this force was used to demonstrate high-bandwidth tuning of the optical resonance frequency 38 . The optical mode is a whispering gallery mode (WGM) of the silica microtoroid of radius 100 µm, described by its ladder operators a and a † , with resonance frequency ω c /2π ≈ 194 THz and linewidth A circular slot is etched through the device to increase the compliance for radial motion 38 .…”

Section: Electro-optomechanical Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous work, this force was used to demonstrate high-bandwidth tuning of the optical resonance frequency 38 . The optical mode is a whispering gallery mode (WGM) of the silica microtoroid of radius 100 µm, described by its ladder operators a and a † , with resonance frequency ω c /2π ≈ 194 THz and linewidth A circular slot is etched through the device to increase the compliance for radial motion 38 . Circular capacitor electrodes (yellow) are patterned on either side of the slot.…”

Section: Electro-optomechanical Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injection locking of an electro-optomechanical device

Bekker¹,

Kalra²,

Baker³

et al. 2017

Optica

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Advances in optomechanics have enabled significant achievements in precision sensing and control of matter, including the detection of gravitational waves and the cooling of mechanical systems to their quantum ground state. Recently, the inherent non-linearity in the optomechanical interaction has been harnessed to explore synchronization effects, including the spontaneous locking of an oscillator to a reference injection signal delivered via the optical field. Here, we present the first demonstration of a radiation-pressure driven optomechanical system locking to an inertial drive, with actuation provided by an integrated electrical interface. We use the injection signal to suppress drift in the optomechanical oscillation frequency, strongly reducing phase noise by over 55 dBc/Hz at 2 Hz offset. We further employ the injection tone to tune the oscillation frequency by more than 2 million times its narrowed linewidth. In addition, we uncover previously unreported synchronization dynamics, enabled by the independence of the inertial drive from the optical drive field. Finally, we show that our approach may enable control of the optomechanical gain competition between different mechanical modes of a single resonator. The electrical interface allows enhanced scalability for future applications involving arrays of injection-locked precision sensors.

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“…This wavelength range can be useful for applications where all-optical devices are desirable, such as optical add/drop filters, atomic clocks, and optomechanics. [51,52] In addition, the sensitivity of the surface chemistry to a range of input powers is characterized. As part of this analysis, the Aazo group is cycled multiple times using the natural relaxation intrinsic to the Aazo molecule.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optically tunable microresonator using an azobenzene monolayer

Kovach

Saris

et al. 2020

AIP Advances

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Photoswitchable organic molecules can undergo reversible structural changes with an external light stimulus. These optically controlled molecules have been used in the development of "smart" polymers, optical writing of grating films, and even controllable in-vivo drug release. Being the simplest class of photoswitches in terms of structure, azobenzenes have become the most ubiquitous, well-characterized, and implemented organic molecular switch. Given their predictable response, they are ideally suited to create an all-optically controlled switch. However, fabricating a monolithic optical device comprised solely from azobenzene while maintaining the photoswitching functionality is challenging. In this work, we combine integrated photonics with optically switchable organic molecules to create an optically controlled integrated device. A silica toroidal resonant cavity is functionalized with a monolayer of an azobenzene derivative.After functionalization, the loaded cavity Q is above 10 5 . When 450 nm light is coupled into cavity resonance, the azobenzene isomerizes from trans-isomer to cis-isomer, inducing a refractive index change.Because the resonant wavelength of the cavity is governed by the index, the resonant wavelength changes in parallel. At the probe wavelength of 1300 nm, the wavelength shift is determined by the duration and intensity of the 450 nm light and the density of azobenzene functional groups on the device surface, providing multiple control mechanisms. Using this photoswitchable device, resonance frequency tuning as far as sixty percent of the cavity's free spectral range in the near-IR is demonstrated. The kinetics of the * Both authors contributed equally. a) Corresponding author: armani@usc.eduOptical resonant cavities are a fundamental element of on-chip integrated optical circuits, serving as amplifiers, filters, and buffers.[1-7] These devices have two key features that differentiate them from other components: the ability to isolate and to store pre-defined or resonant wavelengths (λo). In many cases, it is desirable to change the λo, for example, tuning an add-drop filter or encoding an optical signal. Because the λo is governed, in part, by the device refractive index, a common strategy is to leverage the electro-optic effect.[8-10] However, many optical cavities are fabricated from materials like silica with low to negligible electro-optic coefficients. Additionally, while the electro-optic effect can achieve fast tuning over small wavelength ranges, performing large shifts, comparable to the free spectral range of the cavity is challenging. Recent efforts have explored using the thermo-optic effect or the photo-acoustic effect to accomplish larger range tuning. [11][12][13][14][15] However, these control mechanisms are susceptible to cross-talk with adjacent optical components, thus, decreasing the density of the optical circuit.An alternative strategy can be found in photoswitchable or light-triggerable organic materials. This emerging class of materials has rapidly gained promin...

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High bandwidth on-chip capacitive tuning of microtoroid resonators

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Modelling of vorticity, sound and their interaction in two-dimensional superfluids

Modelling of vorticity, sound and their interaction in two-dimensional superfluids

Injection locking of an electro-optomechanical device

Optically tunable microresonator using an azobenzene monolayer

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