High atmospheric nitrogen deposition events over the North Sea

Spokes, L.; Jickells, Tim; Rendell, A.R.; Schulz, Mıchael; Rebers, A.; Dannecker, W.; Krüger, Olaf; Leermakers, Martine; Baeyens, Willy

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(93)90554-w

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, the atmospheric inorganic input is directly consumable by the algae, which is only true for parts of the river runoff. Pollutants accumulate in the air and can then be advected over marine areas with associated high dry deposition; if rainfall occurs at the time, particularly high depositions can occur (Spokes et al, 1993(Spokes et al, , 2000. Fig.…”

Section: Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing population, industrialization and agricultural activities lead to an excessive supply of a wide variety of inorganic and organic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) species to both the pelagic and coastal oceans through atmospheric deposition (AD) (Duce et al, 1991;Spokes et al, 1993;Cornell et al, 1995;Prospero et al, 1996;Herut et al, 1999Herut et al, , 2002Paerl et al, 2000;De Leeuw et al, 2003;Mahowald et al, 2005Mahowald et al, , 2008. Sources of "new" nutrients in the open ocean are deep waters transported up into the euphotic zone by diffusive and advective processes, atmospheric inputs, and in the case of nitrogen, in situ fixation by marine organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of biomass burning on ocean water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: eutrophication modeling

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Atmospheric deposition of nutrients (N and P species) can intensify anthropogenic eutrophication of coastal waters. It was found that the atmospheric wet and dry depositions of nutrients was remarkable in the Southeast Asian region during the course of smoke haze events, as discussed in a companion paper on field observations (Sundarambal et al., 2010b). The importance of atmospheric deposition of nutrients in terms of their biological responses in the coastal waters of the Singapore region was investigated during hazy days in relation to non-hazy days. The influence of atmospherically-derived, bio-available nutrients (both inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus species) on the coastal water quality between hazy and non-hazy days was studied. A numerical modeling approach was employed to provide qualitative and quantitative understanding of the relative importance of atmospheric and ocean nutrient fluxes in this region. A 3-D eutrophication model, NEUTRO, was used with enhanced features to simulate the spatial distribution and temporal variations of nutrients, plankton and dissolved oxygen due to atmospheric nutrient loadings. The percentage increase of the concentration of coastal water nutrients relative to the baseline due to atmospheric deposition was estimated between hazy and non-hazy days. Model computations showed that atmospheric deposition fluxes of nutrients might account for up to 17 to 88% and 4 to 24% of total mass of nitrite + nitrate-nitrogen in the water column, during hazy days and non-hazy days, respectively. The results obtained from the modeling study could be used for a Correspondence to: R. Balasubramanian (eserbala@nus.edu) better understanding of the energy flow in the coastal zone system, exploring various possible scenarios concerning the atmospheric deposition of nutrients onto the coastal zone and studying their impacts on water quality.

show abstract

Section: Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of biomass burning on ocean water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: eutrophication modeling

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…compounds (e.g., azaarenes and nitro-PAH) are created during combustion processes, their direct Reaction of the reformed HNO 3 with coarse mode seasalt aerosol as marine and continental air-emission only accounts for a small proportion of total WSAON (Osborne et al, 1997). Alkyl Aerosol samples were collected onto Whatman 41 slotted filter substrates and backup filters nitrates (Atkinson et al, 1982;Wangberg et al, 1996; or peroxyacetyl nitrates (Atherton and using a high volume aerosol sampler operating at #1 m3 min−1. Size segregation, into coarse Penner, 1990), may form as a result of gas-toparticle conversions following radical reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen deposition to the eastern Atlantic Ocean. The importance of south-easterly flow

Spokes

Yeatman

Cornell

et al. 2000

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Converting measured concentrations into fluxes and using estimates of biological productivity in the coastal waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean enables us to determine the role of the atmosphere as a source of biologically essential species, including nitrate and ammonium, to the marine biota. To understand the effects of the atmosphere as a source of nitrogen capable of promoting new production, we need to know both the seasonality of the input as well as the effects of extreme high deposition events which, while small in overall annual budget terms, maybe able to extend, or even promote, phytoplankton growth under nutrient depleted summer conditions. Aerosols and rainwater were collected at both Mace Head and at sea aboard RRS Challenger. Temporal patterns have been interpreted using airmass back trajectories which give the predicted air path prior to arrival at the sampling site. Low levels of both nitrate and ammonium are seen associated with marine westerly flow across the Atlantic and northerly air originating in the Arctic region. As expected, marine derived sodium, chloride, magnesium and seasalt sulphate are high during these periods. High concentration nitrate and ammonium events are seen associated with south-easterly flow where the airmass passes over the UK and northern Europe prior to arrival on the west coast of Ireland. In the polluted atmosphere, nitrate exists as nitric acid and as fine mode (<1 mm diameter) ammonium nitrate aerosol. In the coastal zone, nitric acid reacts with coarse mode seasalt aerosols to form coarse mode (>1 mm diameter) sodium nitrate: HNO 3 (g)+NaCl(s) NaNO 3 (s)+HCl(g). This seasalt displacement reaction not only enhances dry nitrate deposition through more efficient gravitational settling of large particles, but also increases the efficiency of precipitational scavenging via inertial impaction. By looking at the size distribution of nitrate, we can see evidence for the seasalt displacement reaction. Under the polluted south-easterly flow,~40-60% of the nitrate occurs in the coarse mode fraction. Under clean marine conditions, the seasalt displacement reaction results in almost complete conversion of nitrate from the fine to the coarse aerosol mode. By converting measured wet and dry nitrate, ammonium and organic nitrogen concentrations into fluxes and comparing the data with estimates of biological productivity in the surface waters, our data suggest that~30% of new production in eastern Atlantic surface waters off Ireland can be supported by atmospheric inputs in May 1997 and that most of the input occurs during short lived, high-concentration, south-easterly transport events. and rivers . While the vast major-

show abstract

“…annual and basin-wide scales), the quantities of DIN delivered via the atmosphere are very small relative to the stocks of nitrogen (Knap & Jickells 1986). Nonetheless, there is a growing body of evidence arguing for the importance of atmospheric input over short time scales (Donaghay et al 1991, Michaels et al 1993, Spokes et al 1993, in particular in oligotrophic areas where surface waters are nutrient poor (Willey & Cahoon 1991, Owens et al 1992, Jickells 1995. Furthermore, any input from the atmosphere represents the delivery of nutrients which are 'new' to the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental examination of the effects of rainwater on microbial communities in the surface layer of the NW Mediterranean Sea

Klein¹,

Dolan²,

Rassoulzadegan³

1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of ra~n-borne nutnents in spring on the marine microbial community was studied In Villefranche Bay (France), a system in which prevlous studies have suggested that competition exlsts within the microbial food web for nutrient salts In 5 incubalon expenrnents conducted from May 1994 to March 1996, surface seawater was amended with 2 to 8 % (v/v) rainwater additions The additions yielded final nutrient concentrations from 0 98 to 5 93 pM of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NH,+ + NO,-forms) and 0 to 0 05 PM of inorganic phosphorus (PO,'-) In 4 out of 5 experunents signlficant increases in chlorophyll a (chl a ) were detected The ratio of added N (py 1 -l ) to apparent increase in chl a (pg 1.' ) averaged about 100 The increases in chl a were correlated with Increases in abundances of phototrophic nanoflagellates (PNAN] In contrast to chl a and PNAN stocks, no effect of rainwater addition was evident among the populatlons of autotrophic bacteria (Synechococcus sp ), heterotrophlc bactena or the predators of bacteria heterotrophic nanoflagellates In one expenment, there was no significant effect of rainwater addition however, nutnent concentrations of unamended seawater samples were high (1 0 PM DIN 0 06 pm P o d 3 ) Our data indicate that in late spnng, when the NW Mediterranean is most likely nitrogen limited rain-borne 'new nutnents appear to benefit small eucaryotic phytoplankton, PNAN, rather than autotrophic or heterotrophic bactenal populations or larger phytoplankton K E Y WORDS: Nitrogen . Rain . Bactenoplankton . Phytoplankton . Synechococcus

show abstract

High atmospheric nitrogen deposition events over the North Sea

Cited by 34 publications

References 14 publications

Impact of biomass burning on ocean water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: eutrophication modeling

Impact of biomass burning on ocean water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: eutrophication modeling

Nitrogen deposition to the eastern Atlantic Ocean. The importance of south-easterly flow

Experimental examination of the effects of rainwater on microbial communities in the surface layer of the NW Mediterranean Sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About