Experimental examination of the effects of rainwater on microbial communities in the surface layer of the NW Mediterranean Sea

Klein, Cécile; Dolan, John R.; Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun

doi:10.3354/meps158041

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Part of this variability stems from the fact that the materials used to amend the water samples differ widely among studies, as they may consist of collected aerosols (Herut et al 2005), collected rainwater (Klein et al 1997), unprocessed desert soils (Mills et al 2004), and atmospherically processed soils . In addition to the geographical variability in the composition and solubility of natural aerosols, the relative abundance of anthropogenic particles varies widely in both space and time, and plays a crucial role in determining the biological effects of atmospheric deposition.…”

Section: Experimental: Microcosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

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This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on aerosols in the marine atmosphere and the effects of aerosols on climate and on processes in the oceanic surface layer. Aerosol particles in the marine atmosphere originate predominantly from direct production at the sea surface due to the interaction between wind and waves (sea spray aerosol, or SSA) and indirect production by gas to particle conversion. These aerosols are supplemented by aerosols produced over the continents, as well as aerosols emitted by volcanoes and ship traffic, a large part of it being deposited to the ocean surface by dry and wet deposition. The SSA sources, chemical composition and ensuing physical and optical effects, are discussed. An overview is presented of continental sources and their ageing and mixing processes during transport. The current status of our knowledge on effects of marine aerosols on the Earth radiative balance, both direct by their interaction with solar radiation and indirect through their effects on cloud properties, is discussed. The deposition on the ocean surface of some key species, such as nutrients, their bioavailability and how they impact biogeochemical cycles are shown and discussed through different time and space scales approaches.

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Section: Experimental: Microcosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

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“…Using Quétel's (1991) data, Dulac et al (1996) illustrate the strong impact of a Saharan dust deposition event on the particulate Fe concentration profile in the surface layer at the DYFAMED station in the northwestern Mediterranean. Through theoretical calculation and/or bioassay experiments, it has been shown that those inputs can impact both heterotrophic (Thingstad et al, 2005;Pulido-Villena et al, 2008) and autotrophic (including diazotrophs) production in the Mediterranean Sea (Klein et al,1997;Migon and Sandroni 1999;Ridame and Guieu, 2002;Bonnet et al, 2005;Ridame et al, 2011;Ternon et al, 2011), underlining their capacity to relieve the macro-and micro-nutrient limitations encountered in this area. Other effects different from direct fertilization effects, such as particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes' mediation by organicmineral aggregation, have been shown to be significant in the Mediterranean Sea: for example, the extreme Saharan event of February 2004, representing a dust flux on the order of 428 C. Guieu et al: Introduction to project DUNE 22 g m −2 in some locations in Corsica and the French Riviera (Bonnet and Guieu, 2006;Ternon et al, 2010), resulted in export at 200 m in the Ligurian Sea (DYFAMED station) representing 45 % of the total annual POC, compared to an average of 25 % for the whole bloom period that same year.…”

Section: Context and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to project DUNE, a DUst experiment in a low Nutrient, low chlorophyll Ecosystem

et al. 2014

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International audienceThe main goal of project DUNE was to estimate the impact of atmospheric deposition on an oligotrophic ecosystem based on mesocosm experiments simulating strong atmospheric inputs of eolian mineral dust. Our mesocosm experiments aimed at being representative of real atmospheric deposition events onto the surface of oligotrophic marine waters and were an original attempt to consider the vertical dimension after atmospheric deposition at the sea surface. This introductory paper describes the objectives of DUNE and the implementation plan of a series of mesocosm experiments conducted in the Mediterranean Sea in 2008 and 2010 during which either wet or dry and a succession of two wet deposition fluxes of 10 g m^-2 of Saharan dust have been simulated based on the production of dust analogs from erodible soils of a source region. After the presentation of the main biogeochemical initial conditions of the site at the time of each experiment, a general overview of the papers published in this special issue is presented. From laboratory results on the solubility of trace elements in dust to biogeochemical results from the mesocosm experiments and associated modeling, these papers describe how the strong simulated dust deposition events impacted the marine biogeochemistry. Those multidisciplinary results are bringing new insights into the role of atmospheric deposition on oligotrophic ecosystems and its impact on the carbon budget. The dissolved trace metals with crustal origin - Mn, Al and Fe - showed different behaviors as a function of time after the seeding. The increase in dissolved Mn and Al concentrations was attributed to dissolution processes. The observed decrease in dissolved Fe was due to scavenging on sinking dust particles and aggregates. When a second dust seeding followed, a dissolution of Fe from the dust particles was then observed due to the excess Fe binding ligand concentrations present at that time. Calcium nitrate and sulfate were formed in the dust analog for wet deposition following evapocondensation with acids for simulating cloud processing by polluted air masses under anthropogenic influence. Using a number of particulate tracers that were followed in the water column and in the sediment traps, it was shown that the dust composition evolves after seeding by total dissolution of these salts. This provided a large source of new dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the surface waters. In spite of this dissolution, the typical inter-elemental ratios in the particulate matter, such as Ti / Al or Ba / Al, are not affected during the dust settling, confirming their values as proxies of lithogenic fluxes or of productivity in sediment traps. DUNE experiments have clearly shown the potential for Saharan wet deposition to modify the in situ concentrations of dissolved elements of biogeochemical interest such as Fe and also P and N. Indeed, wet deposition yielded a transient increase in dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) followed by a very rapid return to initial condition...

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“…The main external source of new nutrients to the SML at that period is the atmosphere, which provides both natural (Saharan dust) and anthropogenic aerosols. Although recent satellite measurements suggest that natural Saharan deposition does not play a significant role in the sustainment of the phytoplanktonic dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea (Volpe et al, 2009), experimental evidence of fertilization by atmosphere has been shown from in vitro experiments on both heterotrophic (see for ex Pulido-Villena et al, 2008) and autotrophic communities (Klein et al, 1997;Bonnet et al, 2005;Eker-Develi et al, 2006). Indeed, atmospheric deposition provides phosphorus (Bergametti et al, 1992;Migon and Sandroni, 1999;Ridame and Guieu, 2002;Markaki et al, 2003;PulidoVillena et al, 2010;Guieu et al, 2010b), nitrogen (Loÿe-Pilot et al, 1990;Herut et al, 1999a;Kouvarakis et al, 2001;Sandroni et al, 2007;Bonnet et al, 2005;Markaki et al, 2010) as well as iron (Bonnet and Guieu, 2006;Theodosi et al, 2010) to the SML in the Mediterranean Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal variability of the biogeochemical role of Mediterranean aerosols in the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed basin characterized by a strong thermal stratification during summer during which the atmosphere is the main source of new nutrients to the nutrient-depleted surface layer. From aerosol sampling and microcosm experiments performed during the TransMed BOUM cruise (June-July 2008) we showed that: (i) the Mediterranean atmosphere composition (Al, Fe, P) was homogeneous over ∼28 • of longitude and was a mixture with a constant proportion of anthropogenic contribution and a variable but modest contribution of crustal aerosols. This quite stable composition over a one month period and a long transect (∼2500 km) allowed to define the Mediterranean atmospheric "background" that characterizes the summer season in the absence of major Saharan event and forest fires, (ii) primary production significantly increased at all tested stations after aerosols addition collected on-board and after Saharan dust analog addition, indicating that both additions relieved on-going (co)-limitations. Although both additions significantly increased the N 2 fixation rates at the western station, diazotrophic activity remained very low (∼0.2 nmol N L −1 d −1 ), (iii) due to the presence of anthropogenic particles, the probable higher solubility of nutrients associated with mixed aerosols (crustal + anthropogenic contribution), conferred a higher fertilizing potential to onCorrespondence to: E. Ternon (evaternon@yahoo.fr) board collected aerosol as compared to Saharan dust analog. Finally, those experiments showed that atmospheric inputs from a mixed atmospheric event ("summer rain" type) or from a high-intensity Saharan event would induce comparable response by the biota in the stratified Mediterranean SML, during summer.

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Experimental examination of the effects of rainwater on microbial communities in the surface layer of the NW Mediterranean Sea

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Introduction to project DUNE, a DUst experiment in a low Nutrient, low chlorophyll Ecosystem

Longitudinal variability of the biogeochemical role of Mediterranean aerosols in the Mediterranean Sea

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