The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201900022.
Sodium-Ion BatteriesSodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are promising for large-scale electric energy storage due to the high abundance and wide distribution of sodium resources (Na, 2.74% in the Earth's crust). [1] Construction of full SIBs strongly relies on the selected cathodes, anodes, and their compatibility with electrolytes. [2] Although progress has been obtained in the separate individual cathode and anode, full SIBs with high performance, especially high power density, are still lacking. [3] This is closely related to the large-sized Na + (1.02 Å) as charge carriers shuttling between cathode and anode, which usually leads to sluggish kinetics and structural instability of electrode materials. [4] When operated below 0 °C outdoors for practical applications, the reaction and transport kinetics of SIBs becomes severely slow, [2,5] resulting in reduced capacity, efficiency, and power density. Therefore, realization of full SIBs with high power density and operation in a wide temperature range is faced with