High and unchanged sperm counts of Finnish men

Vierula, Matti; Niemi, Maarit; Keiski, A.; Saaranen, M.; Saarikoski, Seppo; Suominen, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1996.tb00427.x

Cited by 160 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These concerns largely resulted from a meta-analysis of sperm counts indicating a nearly 50% reduction between 1940 and 1990 (5). This finding proved controversial with additional analyses supporting (6-11) and contradicting (12)(13)(14) the original finding. Additional reports suggest that a rapid increase in testicular germ cell cancers, cryptorchidism, and other congenital anomalies in developed countries may be related to increased environmental estrogen exposure (15)(16)(17)(18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

Aneuploid sperm formation in rainbow trout exposed to the environmental estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol

Brown

Schultz

Cloud

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Environmental contaminants that mimic native estrogens (i.e., environmental estrogens) are known to significantly impact a wide range of vertebrate species and have been implicated as a source for increasing human male reproductive deficiencies and diseases. Despite the widespread occurrence of environmental estrogens and recognized detrimental effects on male vertebrate reproduction, no specific mechanism has been determined indicating how reduced fertility and/or fecundity is achieved. Previous studies show that male rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, exposed to the environmental estrogen 17␣-ethynylestradiol (EE2) before gamete formation and fertilization produce progeny with significantly reduced embryonic survival. To determine whether this observed decrease results from sperm chromosome alterations during spermatogenesis, male rainbow trout were exposed to 10 ng of EE2/l for 50 days. After exposure, semen was collected and sperm aneuploidy levels analyzed with two chromosome markers by fluorescent in situ hybridization. In vitro fertilizations were also conducted by using control and exposed sperm crossed to eggs from an unexposed female for offspring analysis. Evaluations for nucleolar organizer region number and karyotype were performed on developing embryos to determine whether sperm aneuploidy translated into embryonic aneuploidy. Results conclusively show increased aneuploid sperm formation due to EE2 exposure. Additionally, embryonic cells from propagated progeny of individuals possessing elevated sperm aneuploidy display high levels of embryonic aneuploidy. This study concludes that EE2 exposure in sexually developing male rainbow trout increases levels of aneuploid sperm, providing a mechanism for decreased embryonic survival and ultimately diminished reproductive success in EE2 exposed males.aneuploidy ͉ EE2 ͉ xenoestrogens

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mentioning

confidence: 57%

Aneuploid sperm formation in rainbow trout exposed to the environmental estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol

Brown

Schultz

Cloud

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Finnish studies (7,8) indicate that sperm counts in Finland have remained unchanged from 1958 to 1992 (111 million/ml vs 124 million/ml) and are higher than elsewhere in Europe. This may indicate that genetic factors play a role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semen quality among Danish and Finnish men attempting to conceive. The Danish First Pregnancy Planner Study Team

Jensen¹,

Vierula²,

Hjøllund³

et al. 2000

Eur J Endocrinol

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Objective: To assess differences in semen quality between similar populations from Denmark and Finland. Design: Comparison of semen quality between 221 Finnish men (of whom 115 had no proven fertility) and 411 Danish men with no proven fertility in two follow-up studies among normal couples trying to conceive. Methods: In Finland male partners of couples without experienced infertility attempting to conceive were recruited through advertisements in local newspapers from 1984 to 1986. From 1992 to 1995 Danish men who lived with a partner and who had not attempted to achieve a pregnancy previously were recruited through their union when they discontinued birth control. All semen analyses were performed in accordance with the World Health Organization guidelines. Results: Median sperm concentration, total sperm count and the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa were significantly higher among the Finnish men without proven fertility (104.0 million/ml, 304.0 million and 58% respectively) compared with the Danish men (53.0 million/ml, 140.8 million, and 41% respectively). Sperm concentration was 105.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 58.1%-167.6%) and total sperm count was 127.4% (95% CI 71.4%-201.6%) higher among Finnish men without proven fertility than among Danish men after control for confounders. Conclusions: Some, but hardly all, of the observed difference in semen quality may be explained by differences in recruitment procedures, selection of the men and by methodological differences in semen analysis between the two countries. Also a birth cohort effect may explain some of the differences between countries as the Finnish men were recruited 11 years before the Danish men. Therefore, follow-up studies with identical recruitment and selection of men from the two countries are needed.

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“…However, in other studies there were no temporal downward trends in sperm counts [4,6,12,13,15,19]. A small upward trend over time in sperm concentration, semen volume, and percent sperm with normal morphology were reported in a retrospective study of 510 healthy men in the Seattle, Washington area over a 21-year period [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Trends in Human Semen Parameters in New England in the United States, 1989-2000

Chen

Isaacson

Toth

et al. 2003

Archives of Andrology

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High and unchanged sperm counts of Finnish men

Cited by 160 publications

References 35 publications

Aneuploid sperm formation in rainbow trout exposed to the environmental estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol

Aneuploid sperm formation in rainbow trout exposed to the environmental estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol

Semen quality among Danish and Finnish men attempting to conceive. The Danish First Pregnancy Planner Study Team

Temporal Trends in Human Semen Parameters in New England in the United States, 1989-2000

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