“…Nonprecious metals present an exciting prospect as superior alternatives to precious metal catalysts due to their lower cost and potential catalytic activity. , Transition metal-based electrocatalysts possess abundant unpaired d-orbital electrons, which endow them with highly desirable catalytic potential and make them excellent catalysts for the electrochemical process of water splitting to produce hydrogen. , The catalytic performance of transition metal-based catalysts can be enhanced in various ways to approach or even surpass that of precious metal catalysts. , Consequently, low-cost alternatives can replace precious metal catalysts across all aspects, enabling large-scale production of hydrogen from electrolytic water. Researchers have endeavored to enhance the catalytic activity of transition metal-based electrocatalysts through various approaches, including composite materials, heteroatom doping, morphological modifications, , and the design of heterostructure. , Among these, the electronic structure of the catalyst can be effectively modulated by combining multiple transition metal elements, which enhances catalytic efficiency through synergistic effects. , Additionally, metal phosphides have been demonstrated to be ideal electrocatalysts for the HER . The low-temperature phosphating process can generate a significant number of amorphous structures, leading to the formation of heterostructures consisting of both crystalline and amorphous states .…”