Hierarchically porous and heteroatom doped carbon derived from tobacco rods for supercapacitors

Zhang, Yongqing; Lü, Min; Tao, Pengyu; Zhang, Yunjie; Gong, Xiao-Ting; Liu, Yang; Zhang, Guoqing; Li, Hu‐Lin

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.01.020

Cited by 493 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…It is also interesting to notice that there are studies reporting the use of hydrochars for the synthesis of micro + mesoporous Rattan stalks (Lacosperma secundiflorum) 1135 V Meso /V Total = 72% [55] materials via chemical activation with zinc chloride [52,53] or hydroxides [54][55][56], with the mesopore volume corresponding to at least 50% of the total pore volume, i.e. textural characteristics that are not easy to obtain by the most conventional carbonization + activation process.…”

Section: Conventional Activation Of Gels and Chars Obtained By Novelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porosity -Process, Technologies and Applicationssludge, tobacco rods or bamboo shoots-were selected this methodology allows retaining higher percentages of heteroatoms compared to conventional carbonization, and thus assures relevant amounts of these atoms after the activation step [53,54,57,62,63].…”

Section: Table 2 Overview Of the Properties Of Hydrochar-derived Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoporous Carbon Synthesis: An Old Story with Exciting New Chapters

Mestre¹,

Carvalho²

2018

Porosity - Process, Technologies and Applications

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Activated carbons are key materials in technological applications of multidisciplinary fields (e.g. adsorption, separation, and catalytic processes). The extensive use of these materials results from the combination of a well-developed pore network (micropores or micro + mesopores) along with the presence of heteroatoms (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur). The large scale production of nanoporous carbons is a well-established process since the first patents date from the beginning of the twentieth century. Conventional activation methodologies are divided between physical, using steam or CO 2 , and chemical, being KOH, ZnCl 2 , and H 3 PO 4 the most commonly reported oxidizing agents. Due to the panoply of operational parameters that can be changed or added in the production of activated carbons, there is still room for R&D. In this chapter, both conventional and innovative synthetic processes are reviewed to offer an up-to-date picture regarding raw materials, carbonization step, activation process, and other approaches. Conventional activation of gels and chars obtained by novel approaches (i.e. sol-gel method, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and acid-mediated carbonization) and more innovative strategies (i.e. variations of HTC process, carbonization of organic salts and ionothermal approaches) are addressed. Textural, surface chemistry and morphological properties of the derived porous carbons were reviewed and critically rationalized.

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Section: Conventional Activation Of Gels and Chars Obtained By Novelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Table 2 Overview Of the Properties Of Hydrochar-derived Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Carbon Synthesis: An Old Story with Exciting New Chapters

Mestre¹,

Carvalho²

2018

Porosity - Process, Technologies and Applications

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“…The hierarchical porous carbon has high energy storage capacity and excellent rate capability. So far, various biomass, such as bagasse [113,114], endothelium corneum gigeriae galli [115], silk [98], auricularia [116][117][118], spores [53], lignin [119], cellulose [120], cotton [73], honeysuckle [121], lotus seedpods [59], enteromorpha [122,123], willow catkins [78], sheep manure [124], tobacco rods [125], corn leaf [126], bacterial cellulose [62], have been widely used as precursors to prepare hierarchical porous carbons through carbonization and activation process. Hou et al [98] have prepared hierarchical porous N-doped carbon nanosheets (HPNC-NSs) from natural silk by the metal salt activation-graphitization (Fig.…”

Section: Porous Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Yang et al [96] reported a N-doped carbon sheets derived from okara with a high nitrogen content of 9.89 at%. Other biomass derived carbons, such as wheat flour [136], stem bark [58], MOB [127], tobacco rods [125], perilla frutescens [34], pine needle [103], had 1 at% nitrogen. In order to increase the nitrogen content of biomass-derived carbon materials, some nitrogen-containing dopants (NH 4 Cl [109], (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 [137], NH 3 [138], urea [114], melamine [139]) were introduced.…”

Section: Surface Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the HTC of biomass precursors, including eucalyptus sawdust [160], fungi [117,161], papyrifera bark [162], pine cones [163], tobacco rods [125], and bagasse [113], has been extensively explored for the preparation of carbon materials at 180-250°C, owing to its simplicity, cost-effective and nonpollution [164]. The chemical reaction involved in the HTC process comprises five steps: hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, polymerization, and aromatization [30].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass-derived carbon materials with structural diversities and their applications in energy storage

2017

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Currently, carbon materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, porous carbon, have been successfully applied in energy storage area by taking advantage of their structural and functional diversity. However, the development of advanced science and technology has spurred demands for green and sustainable energy storage materials. Biomass-derived carbon, as a type of electrode materials, has attracted much attention because of its structural diversities, adjustable physical/chemical properties, environmental friendliness and considerable economic value. Because the nature contributes the biomass with bizarre microstructures, the biomass-derived carbon materials also show naturally structural diversities, such as 0D spherical, 1D fibrous, 2D lamellar and 3D spatial structures. In this review, the structure design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage is presented. The effects of structural diversity, porosity and surface heteroatom doping of biomass-derived carbon materials in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries are discussed in detail. In addition, the new trends and challenges in biomass-derived carbon materials have also been proposed for further rational design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage.

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Conversion of Biowastes into Carbon‐based Electrodes

Feng¹,

Pu²

2022

High‐Performance Materials From Bio‐based Feedstocks

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Hierarchically porous and heteroatom doped carbon derived from tobacco rods for supercapacitors

Cited by 493 publications

References 67 publications

Nanoporous Carbon Synthesis: An Old Story with Exciting New Chapters

Nanoporous Carbon Synthesis: An Old Story with Exciting New Chapters

Biomass-derived carbon materials with structural diversities and their applications in energy storage

Conversion of Biowastes into Carbon‐based Electrodes

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