Biomass-derived carbon materials with structural diversities and their applications in energy storage

Abstract

Currently, carbon materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, porous carbon, have been successfully applied in energy storage area by taking advantage of their structural and functional diversity. However, the development of advanced science and technology has spurred demands for green and sustainable energy storage materials. Biomass-derived carbon, as a type of electrode materials, has attracted much attention because of its structural diversities, adjustable physical/chemical properties, environmental friendliness and considerable economic value. Because the nature contributes the biomass with bizarre microstructures, the biomass-derived carbon materials also show naturally structural diversities, such as 0D spherical, 1D fibrous, 2D lamellar and 3D spatial structures. In this review, the structure design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage is presented. The effects of structural diversity, porosity and surface heteroatom doping of biomass-derived carbon materials in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries are discussed in detail. In addition, the new trends and challenges in biomass-derived carbon materials have also been proposed for further rational design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage.

Sulfur‐doped shaddock peel–derived hard carbons for enhanced surface capacity and kinetics of lithium‐ion storage

“…Besides, the high‐resolution C 1s spectrum of KPP‐SDC (Figure 2(F)) presents four peaks centering at 284.4, 285.4, 287.0, and 289.1 eV, matching SP 2 C, C–S, C–O, and CO/O–CO, respectively, whereas the C–S peak cannot be detected in the C 1s spectra of KPP‐C and KP‐C (Figure S1). These surface active functional groups have been proved to possessing the excellent Li + adsorption/desorption ability . The existence of covalently bonded C–S species further verifies the valid doping of S into the carbon network of KPP‐SDC.…”

“…These surface active functional groups have been proved to possessing the excellent Li + adsorption/desorption ability. 5,13 The existence of covalently bonded C-S species further verifies the valid doping of S into the carbon network of KPP-SDC. This conclusion from XPS spectra is in agreement with above observations from Raman and FTIR spectra.…”

Sustainable Battery Materials from Biomass

“…The main advantage of this arrangement is that it impedes the formation of dendrites. Furthermore, natural graphite is a still‐abundant resource, which, even in battery grade, is usually cheaper than carbon materials synthesized in a chemical laboratory, even though all kinds of (waste) biomass may be carbonized, as described in many reviews . Such synthetic carbon materials are still interesting for some applications.…”

Recent progress on biomass‐derived ecomaterials toward advanced rechargeable lithium batteries

“…Normally, biomass raw materials possess abundant heteroatom‐containing functional groups in macromolecular backbone, which endow their carbonaceous derivative with the possibilities of in situ doping of functioned heteroatoms during carbonization . Such a self‐doped strategy alters the surface properties of the carbon host, which ensures strong electrochemical affinity toward electrochemical intermediates and therefore increases the utilization of active phase and final the capacity retention.…”

“…Normally, biomass raw materials possess abundant heteroatom-containing functional groups in macromolecular backbone, which endow their carbonaceous derivative with the possibilities of in situ doping of functioned heteroatoms during carbonization. [118][119][120] Such a selfdoped strategy alters the surface properties of the carbon host, which ensures strong electrochemical affinity toward electrochemical intermediates and therefore increases the utilization of active phase and final the capacity retention. To date, a mass of biomass-based heteroatom-contain carbon materials derived from hair ( Figure 6A), 121 soybeans, 124 red algae ( Figure 6B,C), 122 coffee waste, 125 chrysanthemum, 126 and so forth, have been developed and exhibit enhanced electrochemical performances.…”