Hierarchically engineered fibrous scaffolds for bone regeneration

Abstract

Surface properties of biomaterials play a major role in the governing of cell functionalities. It is well known that mechanical, chemical and nanotopographic cues, for example, influence cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we present a novel coating protocol to produce hierarchically engineered fibrous scaffolds with tailorable surface characteristics, which mimic bone extracellular matrix. Based on the sol-gel method and a succession of surface treatments, hollow electrospun polylactic acid fibres were coated with a silicon-calcium-phosphate bioactive organic-inorganic glass. Compared with pure polymeric fibres that showed a completely smooth surface, the coated fibres exhibited a nanostructured topography and greater roughness. They also showed improved hydrophilic properties and a Young's modulus sixfold higher than non-coated ones, while remaining fully flexible and easy to handle. Rat mesenchymal stem cells cultured on these fibres showed great cellular spreading and interactions with the material. This protocol can be transferred to other structures and glasses, allowing the fabrication of various materials with well-defined features. This novel approach represents therefore a valuable improvement in the production of artificial matrices able to direct stem cell fate through physical and chemical interactions.

Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Scaffolding Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies

“…Rat MSCs cultured on these fibers showed good cell spreading and excellent interactions with the material. Moreover, the coated electrospun mat was remarkably flexible [144]. In addition, the protocol can be transferred to other structures and ormoglasses, thus allowing the fabrication of various materials with well-defined features and offering a large range of possibilities for the development of scaffolds for numerous applications.…”

“…Nevertheless, such materials are difficult to produce, and few involving biocompatible and biodegradable polymers have been reported in the bone regeneration literature. Normally, they imply the use of coupling agents to functionalize the polymer in order to covalently link the polymer to the inorganic part (a pure silica network or silica network with incorporated calcium and CaP-ormoglasses) [141][142][143][144]. Considering that there are only a few examples of class II hybrid materials in the literature and that they show a high promising potential for the field, each one is briefly presented here.…”

“…The fourth family of materials (fibrous structure) was recently developed by Sachot et al [144]. An ormoglass was covalently linked to a degradable polymer (polylactic acid; PLA).…”

“…(7). Ormoglass coated fibers adapted from [144] with permission a) average diameters of hollow nanofibers coated with ormoglass. b) FE-SEM image of their surface.…”

Periodontal Bone Substitutes Application Techniques and Cost Evaluation: A Review

“…In tissue engineering 3-dimensional scaffold is formed which is fabricated with natural or artificial materials exhibit high porosity and pore interconnectivity (Hoppe et al, 2011;Maeno et al, 2005;Sachot et al, 2013). The function of scaffold is not only to provide structural support to the bony structure but also to enhance cell proliferation and differentiation of Osteoblastic cell (Hoppe et al, 2011;Aversa et al, 2016).…”