Hierarchical structure and compressive deformation mechanisms of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) horn

Huang, Wei; Zaheri, Alireza; Jung, Jae Young; Espinosa, Horacio D.; McKittrick, Joanna

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.043

Cited by 66 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Tubular structures are also found in biological materials with little or no mineral. It was determined that these structures also act to provide toughening and energy dissipation under quasi‐static compression and high strain rate impacts 15,64a,80. One example is found in whale baleen, a filter system in the baleen whale mouth that works by pushing water out while retaining food inside the mouth .…”

Section: Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intraspecific fighting speed between bighorn sheep can reach 9 m s −1 , which necessitates high impact resistance and energy absorption in the horns. The energy dissipation/toughening mechanisms of the bighorn sheep horn were investigated at different strain rates and loading orientations . Figure g shows how the tubular structure absorbs energy under both quasi‐static compression and high strain rate (≈10 3 s −1 ) impact.…”

Section: Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tubules and lamellae buckle and crack under the loading in the direction parallel with the tubules in both quasi‐static compression and high strain rate impact. It was found that the plastic deformation of tubules (closing, coalescing, buckling, and cracking) could dissipate a large amount of energy, which is sufficient for the high strain rate impact caused by the fighting between bighorn sheep …”

Section: Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impacting speed of the dactyl clubs in mantis shrimp can reach ≈20 m s −1 , which leads to a loading strain rate of ≈10 4 s −1 . The intraspecies flighting speed of bighorn sheep is ≈9 m s −1 , and it can cause an impact strain rate ≈10 2 –10 3 s −1 . Conversely, bones and teeth face quasi‐static loads and fatigue (strain rate ≈10 −3 s −1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Multiscale Toughening Mechanisms in Biological Materials and Bioinspired Designs

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biological materials found in Nature such as nacre and bone are well recognized as light-weight, strong, and tough structural materials. The remarkable toughness and damage tolerance of such biological materials are conferred through hierarchical assembly of their multiscale (i.e., atomicto macroscale) architectures and components. Herein, the toughening mechanisms of different organisms at multilength scales are identified and summarized: macromolecular deformation, chemical bond breakage, and biomineral crystal imperfections at the atomic scale; biopolymer fibril reconfiguration/deformation and biomineral nanoparticle/nanoplatelet/ nanorod translation, and crack reorientation at the nanoscale; crack deflection and twisting by characteristic features such as tubules and lamellae at the microscale; and structure and morphology optimization at the macroscale. In addition, the actual loading conditions of the natural organisms are different, leading to energy dissipation occurring at different time scales. These toughening mechanisms are further illustrated by comparing the experimental results with computational modeling. Modeling methods at different length and time scales are reviewed. Examples of biomimetic designs that realize the multiscale toughening mechanisms in engineering materials are introduced. Indeed, there is still plenty of room mimicking the strong and tough biological designs at the multilength and time scale in Nature.

show abstract

Section: Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Multiscale Toughening Mechanisms in Biological Materials and Bioinspired Designs

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…20 mm in diameter, approx. 2 mm in thickness) [23]. In hooves, the keratin cells firmly cement together preventing the passage of water inwards and the loss of body fluids outwards by forming a tough protective barrier [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of different keratinous horns

Zhang

Huang

Hayashi

et al. 2018

J. R. Soc. Interface.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal horns play an important role during intraspecific combat. This work investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of horns from four representative ruminant species: the bighorn sheep (), domestic sheep (), mountain goat () and pronghorn (), aiming to understand the relation between evolved microstructures and mechanical properties. Microstructural similarity is found where disc-shaped keratin cells attach edge-to-edge along the growth direction of the horn core (longitudinal direction) forming a lamella; multiple lamellae are layered face to face along the impact direction (radial direction, perpendicular to horn core growth direction), forming a wavy pattern surrounding a common feature, the tubules. Differences among species include the number and shape of the tubules, the orientation of aligned lamellae and the shape of keratin cells. Water absorption tests reveal that the pronghorn horn has the largest water-absorbing ability due to the presence of nanopores in the keratin cells. The loading direction (compressive and tensile) and level of hydration vary among the horns from different species. The differences in mechanical properties among species may relate to their different fighting behaviours: high stiffness and strength in mountain goat to support the forces during stabbing; high tensile strength in pronghorn for interlocked pulling; impact energy absorption properties in domestic and bighorn sheep to protect the skull during butting. These design rules based on evolutionary modifications among species can be applied in synthetic materials to meet different mechanical requirements.

show abstract

Nature‐Inspired Protecto‐Flexible Impact‐Tolerant Materials

Estrada

Ossa

2020

Adv Eng Mater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The search for impact‐tolerant, light‐weight flexible materials has challenged materials scientists and engineers for decades. In this quest, many researchers have focused on studying natural armor as a guide to propose bioinspired materials with enhanced properties. The energy dissipation and flexibility mechanisms activated at different hierarchical structural levels of natural systems are used here as a guide to improve the energy and flexibility of synthetic materials. In particular, fish scales and osteoderms are selected as proper biological models to develop a novel family of cost‐effective bioinspired protecto‐flexible (Pf) materials. Furthermore, a bullet‐proof protecto‐flexible prototype is manufactured and tested. The ballistic tests suggest that under real stringent conditions, the system is capable of absorbing high levels of energy while remaining flexible enough to allow movement to the user. Remarkably, the material system developed allows its implementation into realistic high volumes of production with low added costs. Consequently, the proposed strategy for developing bioinspired Pf materials will enable the development of the next generation of high‐performance impact‐resistant materials.

show abstract

Hierarchical structure and compressive deformation mechanisms of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) horn

Cited by 66 publications

References 48 publications

Multiscale Toughening Mechanisms in Biological Materials and Bioinspired Designs

Multiscale Toughening Mechanisms in Biological Materials and Bioinspired Designs

Microstructure and mechanical properties of different keratinous horns

Nature‐Inspired Protecto‐Flexible Impact‐Tolerant Materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About