“…Over the last few decades, identifying a facile and cost-effective methodology for effluent treatment has become signicant. The present technologies for wastewater treatment, which utilize carbonaceous materials, metal-organic frameworks, zeolites, nanomaterials, titanium/vanadium carbides, and polymers, 10,15,[96][97][98][99][100] induce some drawbacks despite their enhanced prociency. This is ascribed to their nonbiocompatibility, non-biodegradability, non-retrievability, and non-recyclability.…”